基于温度探测的煤矸石山自燃监测原理与方法

Spontaneous combustion of Coal Waste Pile (CWP) and its environmental impacts are lack of monitoring principles and methods. This study chooses temperature as the parameter reflecting the spontaneous combustion. Based on sophisticated survey technologies, Infrared Remote Sensing (IRS) , Close Range Photogrammetry (CRP) and combination of the theories and methods among integrate modern survey, safety science, and environmental science, the study will produce following results by laboratory simulation and field test: (1) innovatively develop two kinds of principals and methods for monitoring surface temperatures of coal waste piles: combination of Prismatic-free Total Station (PTS) and Thermal Infrared Imager (TII) and combination of Multi-baseline Digital Close-range Photogrammetry （MDCP） and TII.（2）present the methods and algorithms for point and polygon data fusion of surface temperatures and spatial data of spontaneous combustion CWP. (3) Create the mosaic method for TII photos and fusion and superposition method for IRS and MDCP. (4) Develop the inversing deep temperature model from IRS surface temperatures by studying heat conduction of CWP, which is the medium with porous, non-homogeneous and random conditions. (5) present the spatial model of the deep temperatures by drilling temperature test and mathematical modeling methods. (6) Based on the study of (4) and (5), the prediction model for deep temperatures of spontaneous combustion CWP is achieved. Finally, principals and methods for monitoring CWP spontaneous combustion are developed based on temperature detecting, which creates a new method for CWP environmental monitoring.

针对煤矸石山自燃治理与生态修复因缺乏自燃监测导致治理失败的现实需要，选择温度为表征参数，利用热红外遥感、GPS、近景摄影测量等先进的现代测绘方法，将现代测绘原理方法与安全科学、环境科学相结合，通过室内模拟和野外测试，首创基于红外成像仪与现代测绘技术（无棱镜全站仪、多基线近景摄影测量）联合探测矸石山表面温度场的原理与方法，提出自燃矸石山表面温度场空间分布特征的点面数据融合处理方法和算法，热红外成像像片的拼接技术以及近景摄影测量与热红外技术两种手段获取的两种面数据融合方法。通过对煤矸石山这种多孔、非均质、随机条件的热传导规律以及通过试验钻孔测温和力学与数学模拟方法，建立基于表面温度预测自燃煤矸石山深部温度的反演模型。最终形成基于温度探测的煤矸石山自燃监测的原理与方法，开创一种煤矸石山环境监测新方法。

针对煤矸石山自燃治理与生态修复因缺乏自燃监测导致治理失败的现实需要，选择温度为表征参数，利用热红外遥感、GPS、近景摄影测量等先进的现代测绘方法，将现代测绘方法与安全科学、环境科学相结合，通过室内模拟和野外测试，首创基于红外成像仪与现代测绘技术全站仪联合探测矸石山表面温度场的原理与方法，提出点、面数据的融合方法，具体采用红外热像仪一站一测直对目标物体拍摄的方式，再采用三次卷积法对空间坐标插值，构建出煤矸石山温度场模型；基于红外热像仪与近景摄影测量技术联合构建矸石山表面温度场的原理与方法，提出红外热像与近景照片这种面、面融合的处理方法，数据融合具体采用Delaunay三角网与空间插值方法相结合，其空间插值的最大点位中误差为0.014m，最小点位中误差为0.005m；通过对煤矸石山这种多孔、非均质、随机条件的热传导规律以及通过试验测试方式，揭示煤矸石山深部热传导规律，建立基于表面温度预测自燃煤矸石山深部温度的反演模型，模型预测温度的最大误差为8.56℃，最小误差为0.02℃，建立深部深度的反演模型，预测深度与实际深度相比误差为13cm，最终形成基于温度探测的煤矸石山自燃监测的原理与方法，开创了一种煤矸石山环境监测新方法，为矿区煤矸石山的灾害治理提供技术支持与参考。