采煤沉陷地黄河泥沙夹层式充填复垦原理与方法

Subsided land reclamation is an important research focus in China. To date, in regions where coal resources coincide with farmland and groundwater level is high, subsided land reclamation usually results low percentage of farmland and poor soil productivity. We propose to refine the theoretical principles and methods for farmland reclamation using experiments to evaluate hydrological processes and plant performance in columns using Yellow River sediments composed of a selection of contrasting multilayered profiles. Maize will be used a test plant to determine the optimal multilayer design. In addition, soil columns will be used for numerical simulation by Hydrus 1-D to examine distribution and movement of soil water and solute and their effects on soil quality and plant growth. Implementation of multilayer profile reclamation requires consideration of field procedures such as soil striping and dumping, filling, drainage and consolidation of Yellow River sediments transported by hydraulic pump, multi-filling and multi-backfilling. These procedures will be examined so they can be optimized for constructing multilayered profiles. This project will provide a theoretical and technical framework for significant advances in land reclamation.

针对高潜水位煤粮复合区采煤沉陷地复垦耕地率低以及充填复垦土壤剖面构型差、质量较低的难题，创新性地研究黄河泥沙中夹土壤层的夹层式充填复垦原理与方法。利用黄河泥沙和土壤构建夹层式土壤剖面构型并进行种植试验，优选夹层式土壤剖面构型；通过入渗、蒸发等土柱试验和数值模拟，揭示夹层式土壤剖面构型的水分、溶质分布和运移规律，阐明其对作物生长的作用机理；深入研究条带尺寸、土壤剥离与堆存、泥沙排水固结、条带交替充填、回填土壤等问题，攻克条带式充填复垦实施方法和土壤剥离与堆存、多次充填排水固结和多次回填土壤之间的耦合机制，形成黄河泥沙夹层式交替多次充填复垦方法。本成果改变了传统采煤沉陷地充填复垦一次性充填材料再覆盖土壤的方法，创新性地提出充填复垦材料中夹层式土壤剖面构型和通过划分条带、交替式多次充填实现连续高效夹层式充填复垦的方法，是对充填复垦技术的理论提升和技术革新。

针对高潜水位煤粮复合区采煤沉陷地复垦耕地率低以及充填复垦土壤剖面构型差、质量较低的难题，创新性地研究黄河泥沙中夹土壤层的夹层式充填复垦原理与方法。利用黄河泥沙和土壤构建夹层式土壤剖面构型的室内和大田试验，优选出夹层式土壤剖面构型；通过入渗、蒸发等土柱试验和数值模拟，揭示了夹层式土壤剖面构型的水分、溶质分布和运移规律，阐明了夹层质地、厚度、位置、数量等对土壤生产力的作用机理；深入研究条带尺寸、土壤剥离与堆存、泥沙排水固结、条带交替充填、回填土壤等问题，攻克条带式充填复垦实施方法和土壤剥离与堆存、多次充填排水固结和多次回填土壤之间的耦合机制，形成黄河泥沙夹层式交替多次充填复垦方法。本成果改变了传统采煤沉陷地充填复垦一次性充填材料再覆盖土壤的方法，创新性地提出夹层式土壤剖面构型和通过划分条带、交替式多次充填实现连续高效夹层式充填复垦的方法，是对充填复垦技术的理论提升和技术革新。