冲击地压电-震耦合监测预警原理与方法

Rock burst underground coal mine is serious in China. Rock burst is a violent dynamic process under high ground stress, causing coal/rock to break and collapse rapidly with huge energy release. Three stages, preparation, development and closure, are included in rock burst. During the preparing and developing processes of rock burst, the basic scientific issues in this project consist of two aspects. One is the law of vibration during coal/rock breaking and accompanied electromagnetic radiation (EMR) coupling. The other is the principle & method of coupled EMR - vibration monitoring and early warning of rock burst. This project will focus on rheology and mutation mechanism of coal/rock during dynamic, static and shock loading processes. The coupled relationship between destructive vibration and accompanied EMR is investigated at different scales and energy levels, from both macro and micro perspectives. The theoretical model of coupled EMR - vibration for rock burst will be proposed, demonstrating the law of coupled EMR - vibration for rock burst in the preparing and developing process. The EMR-vibration coupling monitoring and early warning criterions will be established, and the principles and methods of coupled EMR-vibration will be obtained for non-contact, localization and large area monitoring and early warning. The EMR-vibration coupling monitoring and early warning field measurement system for rock burst will be developed. The obtained theories, principles and methods will be verified and improved using above system by field experiments. The research results are of great significance for the innovation of theoretical methods for monitoring and early warning of rock burst and for the guidance of disaster prevention from both theoretical and practical sides.

我国冲击地压灾害严重。冲击地压灾害是煤岩体在地应力作用下破坏失稳并释放出巨大能量的动力过程，由灾害的孕育、发生发展和结束三个阶段组成。冲击地压灾害孕育发展过程中，煤岩破坏震动与伴随产生的电磁辐射耦合规律、冲击地压灾害电-震耦合监测预警原理与方法是本项目的基础科学问题。本项目将研究煤岩动、静态加载和冲击加载破坏过程的流变突变规律，从宏、微观角度研究煤岩不同尺度、不同能级破坏震动与伴随产生的电磁辐射间的耦合关系，建立煤岩冲击破坏过程的电-震耦合理论模型，揭示冲击地压灾害孕育、发生发展过程的电-震耦合规律；研究建立冲击地压灾害电-震耦合监测预警准则，研究得出冲击地压灾害非接触、定位、大区域电-震耦合监测预警的原理与方法。研制冲击地压电-震耦合监测预警现场实测系统，对研究得出的理论、原理、方法进行现场实验验证与完善。研究成果对创新冲击地压灾害监测预警理论方法，指导灾害预防具有重要理论和现实意义。

本项目面向煤矿冲击地压有效预防难度大重大科技需求，围绕煤岩破坏震动与电磁辐射耦合规律、冲击地压灾害电-震耦合监测预警原理与方法等基础科学问题，开展了煤岩冲击破坏过程流变突变规律，煤岩冲击破坏孕育、发展过程电-震耦合宏微观规律，煤岩冲击破坏孕育、发展过程电-震耦合理论模型，冲击地压电-震耦合定位监测预警原理与方法的研究，并进行了现场工程验证。主要取得如下成果：.①研制了微观加载试验系统，首次采用原子力显微镜从微纳米尺度研究揭示了典型煤岩微表面结构静态及动态加载状态下的电磁性，从微观尺度建立了电磁辐射与煤岩破坏的耦合关系，以及电磁辐射与裂纹失稳扩展诱发震动的关系，描述了煤岩破坏的电-震耦合过程；②揭示了煤岩准静态加载和冲击加载破坏过程的流变突变规律，建立了煤岩冲击破坏过程电-震耦合模型，揭示了冲击地压灾害孕育、发展过程的电-震耦合规律；③研究提出了自补偿可控源主动震动波CT探测技术方法，揭示了冲击地压孕育、发展过程震源区应力场的分布及演化规律；④研究构建了煤岩破裂电磁辐射定位模型，建立了冲击地压电磁辐射空间定位方法；⑤提出了冲击地压灾害非接触、定位、大区域电-震耦合监测预警的原理与方法，建立了冲击地压灾害电-震耦合预警准则；⑥研发了冲击地压电-震耦合监测预警现场实测系统，建立了冲击地压电-震耦合多元融合监测预警模型与技术方法，开创了矿井评价探测→区域预测→局部预警递进聚焦式冲击危险监测预警新模式。.项目研究得到的煤岩损伤破坏电磁辐射机理与定位技术方法，将引领电磁辐射监测技术的发展应用，还可促进煤岩损伤破坏全过程非接触定位监测与可视化系统的研发，为研究岩石力学基础科学问题提供一种新的国产化技术手段。研发的冲击地压灾害多元融合预警技术与方法，显著提升了冲击地压矿井的安全生产水平，并将促进煤矿监测预警技术装备的升级与创新，有力支撑我国煤矿智能化发展。.发表学术论文129篇，出版专著5部；授权国家发明专利22项，登记软件著作权1项，制定行业标准2项；组织高水平学术会议 5 次；培养万人计划青年拔尖人才1名，博士后3名，博士生11名，硕士生26名。