金属纳米簇/石墨烯@大豆蛋白多孔功能界面构筑及选择性吸附机制研究

Pollutions from indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are very harmful to the health of residents. It's urgent to propose novel principles and establish new methods for the safe and efficient removal of VOCs. This project intends to use soy protein stripping graphite to prepare graphene, design a special template by soy protein-modified graphene nanosheets, control the growth of metal nanoclusters in situ, and adjust the graphene surface chemistry and microstructure. It aims to construct a novel porous functional interface based on three-dimensional structure metal nanoclusters/graphene@soy protein. Relationships between the functional interface characteristics, the high adsorption capacity and the selective adsorption property will be revealed by inspecting the formation process of active centers and the regulation of the multi pore structure. Novel chemiluminescent systems will be established to study the microscopic changes of interface structure, activity centers, surrounding environment and electron transfer process of metal nanoclusters/graphene@soy protein during adsorption and catalytic reaction. We will explore the mechanism of interface-enhanced selective adsorption and elimination of VOCs. This proposed project will provide a theoretical basis for the efficient removal and rapid analysis of VOCs with high sensitivity.

室内挥发性有机化合物污染，严重危害居民健康，迫切需要提出和建立安全、高效去除这类污染物的新原理和新方法。本项目拟采用大豆蛋白剥离石墨制备单层石墨烯，设计蛋白修饰的单分散石墨烯纳米片特殊模板，控制金属纳米簇原位生长，调控石墨烯表面化学组成和微观结构，构筑金属纳米簇/石墨烯@大豆蛋白三维多孔功能界面。研究界面活性中心形成过程和多级孔道结构调控方法，揭示该功能界面特性与高吸附容量、高选择性吸附性能之间关系。构建化学发光新体系，研究金属纳米簇/石墨烯@大豆蛋白在吸附、催化反应过程中界面结构、活性中心、周围环境的微观变化及电子转移过程，探索功能界面增强选择性吸附和去除挥发性有机化合物的界面作用机制。为实现室内挥发性有机化合物的高效吸附去除和高灵敏度快速分析提供理论基础。

本项目针对蛋白质材料在机械性能、热稳定性能和疏水性能等方面的不足，通过化学交联、物理共混和仿生改性等方法，构筑增强增韧的多功能界面，以增强材料性能为导向优化材料结构。开发了大豆蛋白剥离石墨制备功能化石墨烯的新颖且环保简单的技术。基于大豆蛋白功能化石墨烯，项目开展了纳米金属、纳米纤维素、碳纳米管、多巴胺、海藻酸钠、氨基粘土、超支化聚合物、明胶等改性的不同天然高分子聚合物的研究。设计了分子间氢键、金属离子配位键、共价键等不同界面相互作用，构建了形成增强而稳定的立体网络状结构方法，实现了界面材料的力学强度、韧性、耐水性、热稳定性、粘附性能等提高、同时赋予材料抗菌活性、电化学性能和生物可降解等不同性能，并进一步揭示了界面增强作用机制。所构筑的铜锌纳米簇/大豆蛋白/石墨烯功能界面材料，实现了对人造板释放甲醛的高效吸附和降解。项目研究成果为生物聚合物的研究与应用提供了理论支持，对解决能源紧缺和环境污染等问题具有重要意义。