高压脉冲电场协同效应对果蔬有机磷农药残留降解机理的研究

The pesticide residue in fruits and vegetables has seriously threatened human health and survival, meanwhile, which has blocked Chinese fruits and vegetables products in export. This method introduced in the project for degradation of electric field of pesticide residues of high-pulsed is based on the streamer theory, taking advantage of plasma channel formed instantaneously during the pulsed discharge of the high-pulsed electric field on the material ,producing a high energy electron、ultraviolet and various active particles which can degrade organic phosphorus pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables surface effectively. Firstly, this study will take Organophosphorus pesticide like Methamidophos, Omethoate and Phorate as the research object for direct treatment of high-pulsed electric field to analyze and process intermediate products. Secondly, It will smear the related organic phosphorus pesticide on the fruits and the surface of vegetables for charged polar water environment treatment to test its effect and intermediate products using to compare with which produced in the first step. Thirdly, it will test texture as well as vitamin and other quality indicators. Finally, it will develop a model that how energy affecting chemical bond and study how high-pulsed electric field degrading pesticide in the combination of quantum chemistry theory. This research aims to explore a dynamic model of high-pulsed electric field treatment on the pesticide residue degradation of fruits and vegetables and reveal its internal principle and essence from pesticide degradation dynamical model and non-dynamical model. Furthermore, it will provide rational analysis and basic support for new pesticide degradation technology.

农药残留现象严重威胁人类的健康和生存，同时导致我国果蔬产品在出口中受阻。本项目研究高压脉冲电场技术降解果蔬农药残留的方法，在于根据流注理论，利用高压脉冲电场对物料脉冲放电过程中，瞬间形成等离子体通道，产生高能电子、紫外光和各种活性粒子协同效应使果蔬表面残留的有机磷农药得到有效降解。首先，以气相色谱仪容易分离检测的常见的甲拌磷、甲胺磷、乐果等有机磷农药作为研究对象进行高压脉冲电场直接处理并对中间产物分析处理；其次，将上述有机磷农药涂抹在果蔬表面进行带电极水浴环境处理，检测其作用效果与中间产物，并与第一步对照；再次，进行果蔬质地及维生素等品质指标测定；最后，结合量子化学理论建立能量对化学键影响模型，进行高压脉冲电场降解农药机理研究。旨在探索高压脉冲电场处理对果蔬农药残留降解动力学模型，从农药降解的动力学模型和非动力学模型揭示其内在原理和本质。为农药降解技术寻求新技术工艺提供理性分析和基础支持。

本项目首先采用响应面设计法，对比了红葡萄酒醪中有机磷农药在高压脉冲电场处理前后的残留值，以及白萝卜、真空冷冻干燥苹果片在脉冲电场处理后不同品质参数变化值；其次分析液体在脉冲电场下能量的损耗、运用分形理论构建二维空间绝缘介质击穿模型WZ模型、建立苹果含水率与介电常数间关系，并通过建模分析得到经过脉冲电场作用有机磷农药化学键变化情况；在研究期间，设计了试验所需高压脉冲相关装备；同时作为拓展，研究了脉冲电场处理对虫害防治性能、黑曲霉诱变效果以及对淀粉及其成膜性能的影响。. 本项目的重要研究结果包括：（1）证实高压脉冲电场可以在保障果蔬品质因数基本不受影响前提下，有效降解有机磷农药残留、影响干燥速率，并得到最优化工艺参数；（2）设计了脉冲电场能量算法，实现介质能量和宏观电场力的转换过程；得到不同果蔬介质出现电击穿现象的理论值、构建苹果含水率与介电常数关系模型；得到常见有机磷农药经过脉冲电场作用后，键长和键能随电场参数的变化趋势，从微观角度分析了高压脉冲电场降解有机磷农药残留机理；（3）设计了残留农药降解的高压脉冲电源以及果蔬生产流水线脉冲电场降解农药残留电极装备；（4）证实高压脉冲可有效灭活地下害虫、影响黑曲霉的生长、改变玉米淀粉及其膜结构，并得到对应最优化工艺参数。. 本项目以脉冲电场为技术手段，研究了其在农产品种植、加工中的效果，并研制了相关装备，从而为果蔬加工探索新技术、形成新工艺提供基础支持。本项目资助发表论文21篇，其中发表论文18篇，在投论文3篇；培养硕士5名，其中3名已获得硕士学位，2名在读；项目资助研发专利2项，其中获权1项，受理申请1项。