局域政策与区域协调发展——基于开发区与产业集群互动的理论模型与政策评估

Since the reform and opening-up, place-based policies such as the development zones have contributed to China's rapid economic growth with the expansion of regional income disparity, which bringing the dilemma of economic efficiency and spatial equality. As China’s economy has entered the new normal state, the structural drawbacks of manufacturing industries become increasingly severe. It is suggested in this project that fostering new agglomeration effects and growth engine with place-based policies would be a key to solve the dilemma. Therefore, it focuses on the interaction between place-based policies and industrial clusters as the breakthrough point and plans to probe into the mechanism behind. Especially, it would study the flow of production factors, the reciprocal effect between the development zones and industrial clusters, and the coordinated development of the regions and their welfare implications within the framework of NEG. Then, it would evaluate the impact of place-based policies and recommend the optimal policy instruments for the central government to coordinate regional development.

改革开放以来，以开发区为代表的局域政策促进了中国经济高速增长，但也伴随地区差距扩大，形成“经济效率和空间平等”两难冲突。随着中国经济进入“新常态”，区域经济协调发展的结构性矛盾日益突出。为此，借助局域政策形成新的集聚效应和增长动能是破解“经济效率和空间平等”难题的关键。本项目拟以开发区和产业集群互动为切入点，在新经济地理学空间一般均衡框架内，研究局域政策引导要素流动并协调区域发展的作用机理及其福利含义。在此基础上，评估局域政策实施效果并进行政策仿真，为中央政府协调区域发展的顶层政策设计提供相关政策建议。

改革开放以来，局域政策促进中国经济高速增长但伴随地区差距扩大，形成“经济效率和空间平等”的两难冲突。本项目沿着“局域政策—要素流动—地区差异—区域协调”的研究思路，在新经济地理学空间一般均衡框架内，研究局域政策、要素流动、开发区与产业集群互动以及区域协调发展之间的作用机理及其福利含义，并对相关局域政策进行效果评估。首先，在空间一般均衡框架内探讨局域政策带来技术进步冲击对要素流动与地区差异的影响，揭示该过程重塑经济地理的作用机理及其对区域协调发展的经济学含义。其次，拓展Duranton & Overman（2005）的方法，对中国制造业产业集群进行精准识别，并将产业集群和开发区进行匹配，就开发区对产业集群发展的影响效应进行实证检验。再次，以进口鼓励政策、滩涂围垦与建设用地指标交易等局域政策为切入点，评估相关局域政策的微观与宏观效应，为中央政府协调区域发展的政策制定提供相关建议。总之，本项目既有处于局域政策国际前沿的理论研究，又有基于中国实践的实证分析和政策评估，具有重要的学术创新价值与决策参考意义。