蛋鸡对环境因子（噪声）特征认知力的研究

As the development of animal welfare science, we know that modern animal farming systems create many ‘identical’ problems so that farm animals are unable to adapt to farm environment. In the view of biological adaptability, the accumulation of many adverse stimuli from surroundings cause the versing of welfare states of farmed animals, in turn, it is detrimental to the health of the farmed animals. As we know, farm animals have ability to recognize and its recognition involve all process of knowing its environment, and continuously adjust its response to stimuli. Therefore, it is very important to understand the recognizing ability of farm animals in improving farm management. This research aims to testify the capability of laying chicks to recognize different sound sources (noise or music), and their preference including modification of the responses to the stimulation. The study also examine the effects of the conditioned environment (good or adverse) on physiology, immunity, behavior and performance of laying chicks in order to reveal in what way farm animals adapt to their living environment, and the findings will provide theoretical basis for improving farming technology.

随着动物福利学科的发展，人们认识到现代养殖模式都存在“定式”问题，归结其原因是畜禽环境不适应的结果。从生物学适应角度出发，各种不适应激源的汇聚导致畜禽福利恶化，从而危害了个体的健康。我们知道畜禽个体是有认知能力的，包括对环境的认知，而这一认知能力参与对环境因子作用的全过程，并且不断地修饰对环境刺激的反应，也就决定了畜禽个体对环境刺激的反应不是静态的、而是动态的。因此，只有了解畜禽品种的认知能力，才能够帮助管理者客观判断环境因素的影响机制。本项目的研究目的是基于环境中噪声是影响舍饲蛋鸡福利的主要环境因素之一，通过蛋鸡个体对环境有益因子（音乐）和环境有害因子（噪声）的选择测试，验证蛋雏鸡对不同刺激（音乐或噪声）的认知能力及刺激强度对认知喜好的修饰作用，以及蛋鸡长期暴露于喜好或厌恶环境刺激下对其生理、免疫、行为和生产性能的影响，从理论上揭示畜禽适应环境的能力及机制，为未来科学养殖提供理论依据。

现代养殖模式所存在的动物福利问题，很大程度上是畜禽环境不适的结果。而认知能力参与畜禽动态适应环境的修饰过程。本项目基于环境噪声是影响动物福利的主要环境因素之一，通过给蛋鸡雏鸡提供不同的声音环境，检验蛋雏鸡对不同声音刺激的认知能力，证明了蛋雏鸡对于环境因子（音乐和噪声）具有不同的行为和情绪反应，从行为、生理等角度阐明了蛋鸡对音乐和噪声环境刺激的行为反应性和环境适应性。发现环境因子（噪声和音乐）对蛋鸡行为、生理、免疫、抗氧化系统、抗应激水平、生产性能、蛋品质、认知能力和情感状态、盲肠菌群定植和发育以及机体组织（大脑、肠道等）形态结构和相关基因表达均具有不同程度的动态影响，为蛋鸡生产中利用有益声音刺激和降低有害声音危害，进而提高动物福利和改善动物健康提供了理论参考和技术指导。