咽鼓管表面活性物质的功能研究及其相关蛋白的基因克隆

Barotits media (BOM) is the commonest ear disorder among flying personnel and passengers. With the increase in air travel, barotitis media is likely to become more frequent, yet we have today no effective method of prevention or therapy. Methods: In this research，BOM was established in Guinea pigs by simulated ascent in an altitude chamber; Subsets of the affected ears were treated by flushing with natural Eustachian tube surfactant (ETS), artificial ETS, artificial phospholipid or saline and the effects evaluated by measuring Eustachian tube pressure opening level (POL); Animals with BOM were treated with artificial ETS, after which the clinical signs were observed; Isoprenaline hydrochloride was given to guinea pig, and the contents of phospholipid and protein in ETS in normal control and post injection were analyzed and compared by the high performance liquid hromatographty (HPLC) and the spectrophotometry; SP-A and SP-B gene expression in Eustachian tube were investigated Result: Natural ETS, Artificial ETS, and Artificial phospholipid reduced the POL , but artificial phospholipid was less effective; Clinical observations showed that after one week of treatment with artificial ETS, the congestion in the tympanic membrane was alleviated, the hearing threshold improved and the effusion in tympanic cavity diminished; The main effective components of phospholipid, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserrine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylinositol (PI), as well as protein were significantly higher than those in controls; SP-A gene expression can be detected in Eustachian tube, but SP-B gene expression can not be detected in Eustachian tube. Conclusion: β-agonist can facilitate the secretion of ETS; ETS associated protein plays an important role in lowering the surface tension; The protein composition of ETS are different from that of pulmonary surfactants; Artificial ETS was as effective as natural ETS in facilitating the opening of Eustachian tube and had definite therapeutic effects on BOM in this model.

气压损伤性中耳炎是致飞行员停飞的常见疾病之一，亦是潜水员和民航乘客的多发病，目前尚无理想预防治疗措施。本课题采用气压损伤性中耳炎动物模型，对天然、人工配伍合成的咽鼓管表面活性物质进行在体功能研究，并应用分子克隆技术克隆其相关蛋白基因，为开发人类基因资源奠定基础，为气压损伤性中耳炎的预防和治疗开辟一条新的道路。