闽南近代华侨建筑文化东南亚传播交流的跨境比较研究

Since the modern times, an unprecedented wave of immigration happened in the southeast coast of China. Overseas Chinese’ unique multinational live situation, left over a large number of architectural remains in homeland and alienland, which, is common historical heritage of all Chinese people. This project combines the overseas Chinese society and their Minnan hometown into the same study category, cooperates with the academic research institutions and overseas Chinese groups in Southeast Asia; so as to select representative hometown of overseas Chinese in Minnan, Singapore, Penang, Malacca and Johor Bahru in Malaysia and some others as key areas for research; makes a field survey of the main building types, including residences and shrines, folk temples, western-style houses and arcade buildings, guild halls, schools founded by overseas Chinese along overseas Chinese’ emigratory routes in Southeast Asia. With the clue of cross-border comparative study and interpretations of folk historical data such as genealogies or overseas Chinese’ letters, this project develops a monographic study on branches of learning, and also sorts out the pedigree of architectural spreading and evolution in Minnan hometown and Southeast Asia. Based on cross-border investigations and comprehensive arrangements for historical data; this project initially forms an representative architectural history database at home and abroad for Minnan overseas Chinese; analyses the origin relationship and the evolution process in overseas Chinese’ architectural culture spread; discusses the derivate rules for modern overseas Chinese architecture in the process of immigration, existence, adaption; makes a cooperative base for cross-border protection of overseas Chinese’ architectural heritage in the future.

近代以来，中国东南沿海经历了大规模的出国移民浪潮，华侨特有的跨国生存状态，在侨乡和侨居地均留下大量的建筑遗存，是海内外华侨华人共同的历史遗产。本课题将海外华侨社会与闽南侨乡纳入同一研究范畴，通过与东南亚学术研究机构和华侨团体的合作，选取闽南代表性的侨乡和东南亚的新加坡、马来西亚槟城、马六甲和新山等华侨聚居地为研究的重点区域，实地调查近代华侨在东南亚移民路线上的民居祠堂、民间庙宇、洋楼骑楼、宗亲会馆、侨建学校等主要建筑类型，以跨境比较研究为线索，结合族谱、侨批、侨刊等民间文献史料的解读，开展多学科视野的专题研究，梳理闽南侨乡与东南亚华侨建筑的传播演变谱系。在跨境调查与史料综合整理的基础上，初步形成闽南华侨在境内外代表性建筑的历史资料库，分析海外华侨与闽南侨乡在建筑文化传播的源流关系与演变特征，探讨近代华侨建筑在其移民、生存、适应和发展的衍化规律，为今后华侨建筑遗产的跨境保护建立合作的基础。

本研究通过与东南亚学术机构和华侨团体合作，对闽南侨乡和新加坡、马来西亚的华侨建筑遗产进行跨境比较研究，通过田野调查、摄影测绘与现场访谈等手段，结合族谱、侨批、侨刊等民间文献史料解读，开展多学科视野的华侨建筑专题研究。以华侨在境内外的民居祠堂、民间庙宇、洋楼骑楼、宗亲会馆、侨建学校等作为主要研究内容，梳理出新马华侨建筑已有研究成果，初步建立了华侨建筑与地图史料、华侨建筑GIS信息库等相关专题资料库，分析海外与侨乡在建筑类型上的源流关系与演变特征。在东南亚多元城市中华侨建筑的发展和适应调整方式，华侨家族的迁移聚居方式和聚落空间形态，民间宫庙、会馆建筑与华侨社会的公共领域建构等方面，取得了研究进展和相关成果，并多次组织华侨建筑相关的学术研讨会及教学工作坊，在厦门及澳门举办华侨建筑展，推动境内外华侨建筑的整体认知与合作研究。课题研究成果可以作为海外与侨乡相关华侨建筑合作研究和保护的技术支持，为当前中国在东南亚的投资建设和文化交流提供相关借鉴。