堆浸应力路径与化学置换过程散体矿堆力学特性弱化机制研究

Heap leaching method is widely applied because of its low cost, less investment, low pollution and simple process in the non-ferrous metal industry. As is known to all, good heap leaching effect depends on the geometry of granular ore media, such as ore heap height, ore size, pore structure, etc, but the strength, the deformation and the pore structure of granular ore media is likely to change duo to chemical reaction in the process of heap leaching, it seriously affected the heap leaching process and the safety of ore heap. Thus directly lead to the failure of the heap leaching process. At present, little research is reported at home and abroad on strength and deformation of granular ore media is changed because of chemical reactions of heap leaching process, so the chemical reaction process of copper oxide ore are analyzed in this project, at the same time, the strength properties and deformation mechanism of granular ore media is studied according to the test results of heap leaching process, the purpose of the study is to reveal the mechanism of the strength and deformation of granular ore media, analyse the changes of geometry of granular ore media due to leaching and provide the research basis to solve the technical problems in the heap leaching.

堆浸法因其成本低、投资少、污染小且工艺简单有效在有色金属开发利用中显示出了广阔的应用前景。传统认为良好的浸矿效果取决于矿堆初始几何环境，但浸矿堆不断筑高与浸矿液化学置换过程极有可能诱发散体矿堆强度降低，变形增大，孔隙结构发生改变，从而形成不利于浸矿工艺和矿堆安全的再生几何环境，直接导致堆浸工艺的失败。查阅国内外相关研究文献发现针对堆浸液化学置换作用引发矿堆散体力学性状改变，从而影响堆浸采矿工艺和安全方面的研究较少，本项目正是基于这一研究背景，以氧化铜矿石堆浸为例，立足工艺过程，通过试验的方法对浸矿化学置换和堆矿应力加载作用下矿堆散体强度特性及变形机制进行研究，结合试验结果并借助相关方法表征强度特性，量化变形过程。旨在揭示堆浸采矿过程散体力学特性弱化机理，分析堆矿力学行为和浸矿化学过程导致矿堆再生几何环境的变化，为有效解决堆浸采矿存在的技术难题及安全隐患提供基础研究依据。

堆浸法因其成本低、投资少、污染小且工艺简单有效在有色金属开发利用中显示出了广阔的应用前景。传统认为良好的浸矿效果取决于矿堆初始几何环境，但浸矿堆不断筑高与浸矿液化学置换过程极有可能诱发散体矿堆强度降低，变形增大，孔隙结构发生改变，从而形成不利于浸矿工艺和矿堆安全的再生几何环境，直接导致堆浸工艺的失败。查阅国内外相关研究文献发现针对堆浸液化学置换作用引发矿堆散体力学性状改变，从而影响堆浸采矿工艺和安全方面的研究较少，本项目基于这一研究背景，以氧化铜矿石堆浸为例，立足工艺过程，通过试验的方法对浸矿化学置换和堆矿应力加载作用下矿堆散体强度及渗流特性进行研究，结合试验结果并借助相关方法表征强度特性，量化变形过程。本研究主要揭示化学浸矿过程氧化铜矿石力学特性弱化机理，推导了化学浸矿过程氧化铜矿石损伤本构模型，分析了堆矿力学行为和浸矿化学过程散体粒径演化规律，构建了应力—化学—渗透系数耦合关系模型。为有效解决堆浸采矿存在的技术难题及安全隐患提供基础研究依据。