面向GNSS用户终端的协同式反欺骗技术研究

Compared with jamming, spoofing is more harmful and more difficult to be detected, and it has been one of the main threats of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Up to now, the anti-spoofing techniques for GNSS terminals are performed at only one point in signal or information processing, and there are little collaborations. Consequently, the performances of the techniques are limited and they are applicable only for some special situations. To this end, in the project an anti-spoofing ideal based on multi-level collaborations is proposed. (1) According to the difference of genuine and spoofing signals in signal collaboration characteristics, a multi-signal collaboration anti-spoofing technique is proposed. (2) According to the characteristics of various anti-spoofing techniques, a multi-technique collaboration method is proposed, which would improve the whole anti-spoofing performance of terminals through the collaboration of the techniques. (3) Different GNSS terminals would detect out different signal characteristics of spoofing signals, and they are affected differently by the spoofing signals. Hence, based on the differences, a multi-user collaboration anti-spoofing technique is proposed as well. Through the multi-level collaborations, more effective anti-spoofing methods are expected in the near future, to improve the anti-spoofing performance of GNSS terminals at spoofing detection, discrimination, and suppression, and protect GNSS applications.

与压制干扰相比，欺骗干扰具有隐蔽性高、危害大等特点，是全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）面临的主要安全威胁之一。现有的用户终端类反欺骗技术通常只着眼于信号、信息处理等环节中的某一点，彼此间缺乏协同配合，这使得现有技术的欺骗防御能力受限、应用范围较窄。为此，本项目提出了多层次协同的反欺骗研究思路：（1）利用导航信号与欺骗信号在信号协同性上的差异，开展多信号协同反欺骗技术研究；（2）根据各反欺骗技术的特点，开展多技术协同反欺骗技术研究，通过不同技术间的有机融合来提高用户终端的整体防御能力；（3）利用不同用户检测到的欺骗信号特征、受欺骗信号影响的不同，开展多用户协同反欺骗技术研究。在该研究思路的指导下，有望能从信号协同、技术协同和用户协同的角度研究出更加有效的欺骗信号检测、识别与抑制方法，以提高GNSS用户终端的欺骗防御能力、保障GNSS安全应用。

以GPS、GLONASS、Galileo、北斗为代表的全球导航卫星系统，可为全球用户提供高精度导航定位授时服务，已在交通、通信、电力、金融等领域得到了较为广泛的应用，已成为现代信息社会的基础之一。然而由于卫星导航信号微弱、信号结构公开且系统对时间敏感等原因，极易受到各类干扰影响。在众多干扰中，欺骗干扰通过播发虚假导航信号，不但可以使导航设备输出错误的定位结果，而且还可以按攻击者意图输出受控的定位结果，严重影响着导航系统安全应用。本项目针对欺骗干扰威胁，在评估现有防欺骗技术性能基础上，重点从多信号、多技术、多用户协同角度开展了防欺骗技术研究，提出了到达多普勒差、多普勒变化、多普勒与伪距定位/测试结果一致性、旋转天线检测、新型自主完好性监测、双天线联合功率/伪距检测、多用户协同检测、聚类和基于最大似然估计、矢量跟踪等欺骗干扰检测、识别、抑制新方法新技术。这些新方法新技术大多已利用所开发的GNSS防欺骗原理样机进行实际信号测试评估，验证了其有效性。项目研究成果，为欺骗干扰防御提供了较为丰富、有效的技术手段，可用于卫星导航用户终端欺骗干扰检测与抑制，保障导航用户安全。