GNSS 接收机欺骗攻击与欺骗检测技术研究

Security exposure in satellite navigation has become one real threat in face of increasing complexity of the electromagnetic environment. Traditional GNSS anti-spoofing technology generally refers to jamming interference, with comparatively less consideration to spoofing interference, while the potential risk induced by spoofing interference is no less than that caused by jamming interference. Nowadays, the development anti-spoofing technology research is still at the primary stage, and many anti-spoofing methods is far from perfect, Due to a late start, there is a certain gap in the research level between the domestic and USA, which is in urgent need of attention. This project mainly focuses on the following three aspects: (1) Spoofing control strategy and its corresponding impacts on the spoofing detection methods. (2) New spoofing detection method based on Double-difference Carrier Phases. (3) New spoofing detection method based on the signal energy. Out of the habit of empirical thinking, this project is committed to propose new spoofing methods which are more reliable, on the basis of predecessors’ achievements. The results of this research can enrich and improve the theory system of GNSS anti-spoofing technology, and at the same time it can provide reliable technical support for the research and development of new GNSS anti-spoofing receivers.

随着电磁环境的日益复杂特别是军事对抗强度的日益加大，卫星导航应用潜在安全隐患已成为现实威胁。传统的卫星导航抗干扰技术大多针对的是压制干扰，对于欺骗干扰较少考虑，而欺骗干扰对用户造成的危害并不亚于压制干扰。目前针对卫星导航抗欺骗干扰技术的研究尚处于初期，许多方法还不成熟，尤其是国内由于起步较晚，研究水平与美国相比还存在一定差距，亟需引起重视。项目从以下三个方面开展研究：（1）欺骗干扰控制策略及对现有欺骗检测算法影响分析；（2）基于双天线载波相位差测定的欺骗检测算法；（3）基于信号能量测定的欺骗检测算法。力争在前人成果的基础上，打破传统思维，提出新的、更可靠的欺骗检测算法，进一步丰富和完善卫星导航欺骗与抗欺骗理论体系，并为新型卫星导航抗欺骗干扰接收机的研制提供可靠技术支撑。

当前，卫星导航应用已经拓展到各个领域，在国防安全方面发挥着重要的作用，同时也促进了国民经济的快速发展，给我们的生活带来了极大的便利。目前国际上卫星导航技术在精度、完好性等方面已经取得了长足的进步。然而，北斗在为我国国防安全和国民经济保驾护航的同时，北斗本身面临的干扰威胁仍然缺乏必要的安全防护。卫星导航接收机的欺骗干扰作为一种新型的干扰形式，带来的安全隐患比传统压制干扰更严重。鉴于此，项目主要围绕卫星导航接收机抗欺骗干扰技术开展研究，主要研究成果和内容包括：（1）系统分析梳理了欺骗干扰分类体系及其特点，并分析推导了转发式欺骗干扰实现位置、时间和速度欺骗的机理；（2）北斗导航信号跟踪阶段欺骗干扰临界功率测试与无人机位置欺骗试验验证；（3）提出了一种载波相位双差小数归一化欺骗检测算法，能够有效消除载波相位测量整周模糊的影响，并采用M/N判决方法融合多组双差值，当可见星为8颗时虚警概率为0.01%时，检测概率可以达到99.9%以上;（4）提出了一种基于新型信号质量评估模型的欺骗干扰检测方法，该方法对欺骗干扰源的来向不敏感，可以有效检测单一来向欺骗干扰和非单一来向欺骗干扰，且无需对接收机的硬件结构进行调整，运算复杂度低，易于工程应用推广;（5）提出了一种基于盲自适应阵列信号处理技术的欺骗干扰抑制方法，该方法融合了子空间投影技术和SCORE技术，其中最核心的部分就是设计了半码片移位相关的子空间投影算法，实现对欺骗干扰来向特征的提取，该方法能够在压制干扰和欺骗干扰共存条件下，该方法可以自适应地对干扰进行抑制，并尽量保留有用信号。