重大基础设施工程的组织公民行为形成机理、动态演化及治理策略研究

Organizations in delivering megaprojects are usually periodic, task-orientation and dynamic with abundant of small task groups. Prior literature on organization science has implied that formal contract governance can help increasing the effectiveness of project organization. However, more recent studies argue that informal means (such as relational governance) which stimulate team members’ initiative and creativity in addition to the will of helping each other are more useful and flexible for the development of organization effectiveness. With this in mind, studying organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in megaproject can be a new theoretical prospect for rethinking organizational management. Based on the analyzing heterogeneity of agents in project organizations and characteristic of multiple situations, this study aims to construct core concepts of OCB in project context and to explore tits basic theories, and we try to conduct this research from the aspects of motivation in micro level, group interaction in middle level, and organizational selection in macro level. This study also aims to examine factors forming OCB as well as to find connection mechanism and evolutionary rules of OCB changing by using scenario modeling methods. Apart from these objectives, this study attempts to identify typical opportunity behaviors within OCB. Lastly, formal means and relationship designing will be proposed in this study. Studying on OCB of megaprojects makes a good effort in expanding the frontier research within project management field. It is hoped to strongly support the development of organizational effectiveness by providing both theoretical and practical guidance.

面对重大工程建设组织的周期性、团队性、任务性及动态性特征，对其组织效能提升需要在正式合同治理之外寻求非正式方法来规范组织内部关系，激发组织成员的互助性、能动性及创造性，重大工程组织公民行为研究为此提供了新的理论视角。基于对工程组织主体的异构性和多元情境特征分析，从微观动机-中观群体交互-宏观组织选择层面来研究重大工程组织公民行为的核心概念和理论元素，深入分析重大工程组织公民行为的形成机理，尤其是运用情景建模方法来探悉工程各阶段中组织公民行为的关联机制和演化规律。在此基础上，分析重大工程组织公民行为中的典型机会主义行为，提出激励工程组织公民行为的正式制度和关系设计。本项目研究在一定程度上拓展了工程管理研究的前沿领域，为提升重大工程建设组织效能提供了理论支撑和实践指导。

组织公民行为作为一种角色外行为对于工程管理的不确定性问题解决、组织间合作以及技术创新等都具有十分重要价值。当前理论界对组织公民行为研究主要停留在企业中员工行为研究，缺乏对工程组织公民行为特征的认知、多利益干系人下组织-团队-个人不同层级组织公民行为影响因素及跨层次作用关系研究。因此，本项目在理论上分析了工程项目领域组织公民行为的基本内涵、核心维度、重要前因变量和对个人、团队与组织不同层面影响的结果变量，运用社会网络分析技术及计算实验方法对工程组织公民行为在项目不同阶段和相关利益干系人间的动态演化和扩散路径开展了研究。同时，本项目在探讨具体项目成员公民行为的基础上，进一步深入研究了项目利益干系人层面的组织间组织公民行为，包括组织间跨界行为、组织间关系治理和合同治理对组织层面公民行为影响、组织间的机会主义行为、组织间的联合计划和联合行动等。项目研究成果不仅发展了一般组织公民行为的基本内涵，而且基于工程组织特点创新性研究了工程项目认同及任务不确定性对组织公民行为影响、个体-团队—组织间跨层次的组织公民行为、BIM技术下工程组织成员公民行为变化，以及在工程不同情景下组织公民行为传播和演化均衡状态。在工程实践中，研究成果为管理者通过领导风格、项目认同、组织认同、成员声誉激励和评价、合同和关系治理等规划和设计来诱导和激发项目成员组织公民行为和规避强制性公民行为，促进成员的联合行动和减少机会主义行为提供参考。