古镇居民旅游参与的“情感-行为”分异与情感空间建构研究

Space is carrying the rich emotional experiences of humans. With the fast promotion of tourism urbanization, residents’ tourism participation behavior of ancient towns presents obvious differentiation due to the changes of the spatial properties. Therefore, it is an important scientific issue to explore the behavioral differentiation and spatial construction from the emotional perspective, which can coordinate human and land relationships in tourism destination. With the starting points of the emotional characterization study on tourism situation, and by taking residents’ participation behavior differentiation mechanism as the focal point and the modes of emotional space construction of the ancient tourism towns as the foothold, the project selects multiple typical cultural ancient towns in Jiangsu province as the study cases to establish a systematic analysis framework by comprehensively using the relevant theories of emotional geography, cultural geography, behavioristics, sociology, etc. The differences and regular of emotional characterization and participation behavior can be explored through the empirical analysis and comparative study, by virtue of the multiple methods including qualitative interviews, GIS technique, structural equation model, etc. so as to reveal the mechanism of residents’ participation behavior differentiation and explore the modes of spatial construction of the ancient tourism towns based on the emotional perspective. Consequently, it can be helpful to deepen the cognition of human-land relationships from the emotional perspectives, to enrich the theoretical connotation of tourism geography and emotional geography, and to provide scientific support and guidance to lead positive behaviors of residents and creat poetic spaces of “beautiful nostalgia” as well as build harmonious tourism communities.

空间承载着人类丰富的情感，但随着旅游城镇化的快速推进，古镇居民旅游参与行为也因空间属性的变迁而呈现明显的分异。因此，从情感视域出发探究居民参与行为分异和旅游地空间建构是实现古镇人地关系协调的重要科学问题。本项目选择江苏省具有典型性的古镇旅游地为研究区，综合运用情感地理学、文化地理学、行为学、社会学等相关理论，以旅游情境下居民情感表征研究为切入点，以居民参与行为分异机理研究为着力点，以古镇旅游地情感空间建构模式为落脚点，建立系统的研究框架。借助质性访谈、GIS技术、结构方程模型等方法进行实证分析和比较研究，探讨古镇居民旅游参与的情感-行为内联关系，挖掘情感-行为的分异特征，揭示情感-行为的作用机理，探索古镇旅游地情感空间建构模式。从而深化对人地关系情感层面的认识，丰富旅游地理与情感地理的理论内涵，并为引导居民有序参与旅游、营造“美丽乡愁”诗意空间、建立和谐旅游社区环境提供理论指导和科学依据。

旅游的深度介入使古镇成为兼具旅游与居住双重功能的文化旅游景区，古镇原生的社会文化秩序与生活空间遭到侵蚀，人与人以及人与地之间的情感世界日渐复杂。因此，如何正视古镇旅游地居民情感诉求，引导居民有序主动参与旅游，构建留住美丽乡愁的空间场域是新型城镇化建设时期亟需解决的现实问题。为此，本课题选择具有典型意义的古镇及乡村旅游地为研究案例地，综合运用质性访谈、问卷调查、数理统计与结构方程模型、GIS空间分析与认知草图等多种分析方法，致力于旅游影响下古镇社区居民情感与行为构成维度及差异的探讨，深入挖掘古镇旅游地居民情感与行为分异特征及形成机理，有效分析情感与行为互动响应及作用机制，尝试构建古镇旅游地居民情感空间，科学提出文化古镇旅游和谐与稳定发展的优化对策。主要研究成果包括：科学地设计了古镇旅游地居民情感量表，构建古镇旅游地居民情感理论模型，分析不同类型居民情感维度差异性；基于认知草图和口述访谈分析旅游影响下居民的情感空间；科学设计古镇旅游地居民行为意向量表，并分析不同类型居民行为表现差异；深入剖析旅游地居民在旅游情境下社区中的日常行为，揭示其行为背后的情感基础；运用结构方程模型探讨了情感与行为之间的内在关联，据此挖掘了情感与行为分异的影响要素和作用机理；尝试从物质空间、社会空间、文化空间三个方面综合建构理想的古镇旅游地居民情感空间；并基于居民和游客视角开发传统村落旅游地乡愁量表，探讨乡愁情感的资源价值。研究进一步丰富了旅游与情感地理学研究的理论内涵，为引导居民有序参与旅游、推动和谐旅游社区建设提供参考依据和经验借鉴。