爆破振动危害远程监测和工程控制研究

Due to many factors such as the nonhomogeneity of blast media, the complexity of geological structure, the uncertainty of blast construction methods and lacking of national standard of blast vibration measurement industry and so on, the research of blast vibration measurement is lagged and lack of standardization. As a result, the research and development of blast theory and technology is deeply influenced. As information technology such as computer science, network, communication, grid computing being used in blasting engineering, digital vibration measurement is the fusion of blasting safety technology and information technology, which is an important research nowadays. This project synthetically uses kinds of research method such as theory analysis, simulation experiment, vibration platform excitation experiment and engineering monitor experiment. This project systematically researches the network model of data transformation, data exchange and data analysis of remote vibration measurement, after constructing a digital blasting remote monitor system model. By researching pretreatment method of blast vibration testing signal, we are going to discovery the accurate characteristic parameter extraction technology of blasting vibration testing signal. Moreover, based on the research above, we are going to set up a high accuracy forecast model of blasting vibration parameter, as to research the harm control strategy of engineering blasting vibration. The result of this research is helpful to improve the intelligent monitor technology of blast vibration. More importantly, it is extremely instructive to direct the design of blast engineering, to control the harm of blast earthquake wave, to work out the standard of blast vibration measurement, to promote the development of blast theory researching and new technology of blast engineering.

由于爆破介质不均匀性和地质构造复杂性、爆破施工方法不确定性，加之爆破测振行业没有国家标准等因素，导致对爆破振动测量研究相对滞后和不规范，从而影响了我国爆破理论和技术的研究与发展。随着计算机、网络、通信、网格等信息技术的发展，给爆破测振研究提供了有力的工具。本课题拟综合采用理论分析、仿真试验、振动台激振试验和工程监测试验等相结合的方法，在构建数字爆破远程监测系统模型的基础上，研究远程测振数据传输、交换、分析处理的网格模型及关键算法并搭建爆破振动危害远程测试平台，通过开展爆破振动测试信号预处理方法研究，探寻爆破振动测试信号特征参数精确化提取技术，并在此基础上建立爆破振动参量高精度预报模型，进而研究工程爆破振动危害控制策略和方法。研究成果有助于提高爆破振动智能化监测技术，对指导爆破工程设计、控制爆破地震的危害、制订爆破测振标准、推动爆破理论研究和工程爆破新技术发展都具有重要意义。

由于爆破介质不均匀性和地质构造复杂性、爆破施工方法不确定性，加之爆破测振行业没有国家标准等因素，导致对爆破振动测量研究相对滞后和不规范，从而影响了我国爆破理论和技术的研究与发展。本课题综合采用理论分析、仿真试验、振动台激振试验和工程监测试验等相结合的方法，在构建数字爆破远程监测系统模型的基础上，研究远程测振数据传输、交换、分析处理的网格模型及关键算法并搭建爆破振动危害远程测试平台，通过开展爆破振动测试信号预处理方法研究，构造了提升小波变换的消噪模型，给出了提升小波（包）变换消噪算法，指出阈值处理是提升小波消噪的关键；研究了不同频带下小波包重构系数峰值衰减规律的基础上，建立了基于小波包系数的爆破地震波预报模型；利用P2P文件系统，可以在不改变原有网格系统的前提下，实现在网格系统中的P2P文件传输；提出一种基于性价比模型的改进型蚁群优化网格调度算法PPRACO，有效地加快了算法的收敛速度，降低了调度时间。研究成果有助于提高爆破振动智能化监测技术，对指导爆破工程设计、控制爆破地震的危害、制订爆破测振标准、推动爆破理论研究和工程爆破新技术发展都具有重要意义。