企业开放式创新决策到实施的跨层模型：基于高管与员工认知视角

Most Chinese enterprises' innovation strategy is single, and their open innovation strategy is insufficient. There is a problem of 'open failure' and 'failure in implementation' in Chinese enterprises. The essence of the 'open failure' and 'failure in implementation' in the open innovation process of enterprises is the lack of cognition and lack of ability. However, there is lack of open innovation study from the cognitive perspective in China. The decision-making and implementation process of enterprises open innovation are still a black box. So, how can the enterprises make an open innovation strategy and implement effectively through organizational cognition? This project will be based on relevant literature research, to discuss the strategic decision-making and implementation process of enterprise open innovation from the cognitive perspective, and construct the theoretical framework of the research. Through the combination of text analysis and cognitive linguistics, case study and event analysis, combined qualitative and quantitative research methods, the empirical research is carried out. This study attempts to find the micro cognitive basis of open innovation decision-making and implementation process, clear the optimal strategy combination of enterprise open innovation, and find the boundary conditions that the enterprise benefits from the open innovation. This study not only broadens the cognitive theory to the field of innovation research, but also provides guidance for enterprises to make decisions about ‘whether to open’ or ‘what to open’ and ‘how to open’ or ‘openness’, in order to make the enterprise achieve the open innovation and development smoothly.

中国大多数企业的创新战略较为单一，其开放式创新战略实施不足，存在开放式创新“引入失败”与“实施失效”问题。企业开放式创新引入失败与实施失效问题的本质是认知不足和能力不足。然而，国内缺少认知视角的开放式创新研究，企业开放式创新战略决策和执行过程仍是一个黑箱。那么，如何通过组织认知推动企业做出开放式创新战略决策并有效执行？本课题将在相关文献研究基础上，从认知视角探讨企业开放式创新战略决策与执行过程，构建研究的理论框架，并通过文本分析与认知语言学方法相结合、案例研究与事件分析方法相结合、定性与定量混合研究法来展开实证研究，试图发现企业开放式创新决策与执行过程的微观认知基础，明确企业开放式创新的最优策略组合，找到企业从开放式创新中获益的边界条件。本研究不仅将认知理论拓宽到创新研究领域，也为企业做出“是否开放、开放什么”决策以及“如何开放、开放程度”策略选择提供指导，以使企业顺利实现开放式创新发展。

企业开放式创新“引入失败”和“实施失效”的本质原因是对开放式创新的认知不足和能力不足。本课题提出了高管认知与员工认知影响企业开放式创新战略决策与执行的理论模型，主要探讨高管认知和员工认知的涵义与测量，分析高管与员工认知对开放式创新的影响，并探讨高管与员工认知一致性、制度环境等在其中的影响，明晰不同类型开放式创新策略的影响作用与组合效应，探究开放式创新决策与执行过程中的认知和能力适配策略。.本课题研究发现：（1）高管认知可以通过认知评价和心理测量、通过注意力配置和文本分析两种方式进行测量。（2）员工认知能力可由员工的理论知识认知、专业能力认知和经验认知进行衡量，员工认知行为表现可由开放式跨界行为表现来测量。（3）管理者感知到开放式创新的易用性与合法性能够促使企业采用开放式创新，且感知有用性、易用性与合法性对开放式创新有着显著的“组合”效应。（4）员工的理论知识认知对企业的内向型、外向型与合作型开放式创新均具有正向影响作用，专业能力认知对企业的内向型与合作型开放式创新具有正向影响作用。（5）科技财税政策环境、地区数字经济环境、创新创业制度环境有助于促进企业开放式创新或赋能企业开放式创新。（6）经验认知一致性对开放式创新具有促进作用，认知一致性正向调节内向型开放式创新决策到实施的过程。（7）常规情境下内向型开放式创新更有利于创新绩效，危机情境下外向型开放式创新对企业成长的促进作用更明显。（8）内向型与外向型开放式创新对企业成长有着交互效应，开放型文化、开放型组织与外向型开放式创新的匹配能够带来更好的企业成长，管理者认知能够与开放型文化、开放型组织共同促进企业成长。.本课题研究发现有助于探明企业开放式创新战略决策和执行过程的黑箱，为企业“是否开放、开放什么”以及“如何开放、开放程度”提供理论启示，为企业通过组织认知推动做出开放式创新战略决策并有效执行进而实现开放式创新发展提供对策建议。