城市旅游综合体的时空演化机制及其对区域旅游格局的影响研究

The academic thought of man-earth areal system has become the theoretical cornerstone and guidance of economical and geographical study. The focus of researches of humanistic geography and man-earth areal system are the spaces and places at different scales. Urban tourism complex is becoming the new trend which can form a new utilization pattern of soil that can help solve the problem between land usage of urban development and urban tourism. Exploring the time and space evolution process of the urban tourism complex and its influence mechanism and characteristics in different stages is significant to help develop the regional tourism, maintain the sustainable development of urban economy and enrich the research objectives of tourism area. This study integrates the geographical spatial analysis and economic dynamic analysis and takes urban tourism complex as the research objective to explore interaction and mutual effect among different elements of micro tourism areal system. This study focuses on the urban tourism complex of Qujiang and builds the control parameter model which shows the growth mechanism of its urban tourism complex based on the three levels-macro level, middle level and micro level of the conditions of formation of the city's urban tourism complex. Besides, the study uses the tourist area cycle of evolution theory and tourism industry evolution theory to divide the development stages of UTC and summarize the characteristics and dynamic mechanisms of the different stages. Furthermore, the study combines the research methods of questionnaire, remote sensing image analysis and GIS to quantitively analyze the process of space-time evolution in different stages of urban tourism complex of Qujiang through both the vertical dimension and horizontal dimension and accurately simulate the phenomenon which urban tourism complex has great influence on urban tourism spatial pattern. Finally, the study uses the scenario analysis to provide the multi-scenario scheme prediction of future development trend of Qujiang's urban tourism complex. The research of man-earth areal system will focus on the interaction between social and cultural elements and natural sphere. This kind of interaction decides the distribution patterns and evolvement rules of the economic geography phenomenon. In different development stages, this interaction will mutate. So the study take urban tourism complex as research objective and explore the occurrence conditions, evolutionary process and dynamic mechanism from both the time dimension and space dimension so that there can be a deeper understanding of urban tourism complex which is a effective way of man-earth areal system. This study tries to deepen the expression which urban tourism complex makes towards man-earth areal system and provides the management and decision-making gist of the adaptable development of urban tourism complex.

研究城市旅游综合体的时空演化过程及机制与特征，对推动旅游业和城市经济可持续发展，丰富旅游地域系统的研究对象意义重大。课题以曲江城市旅游综合体为研究对象，在对生成条件进行宏观、中观、微观三层次划分的基础上，搭建了表征UTC生长机制的控制参数模型。采用旅游地生命周期和旅游产业演进理论，以绩效指标为参数对UTC发展阶段进行划分，总结了不同阶段的发展特征和动力机制。进一步地，综合运用传统调研和遥感影像分析、GIS分析等技术手段，从纵向和横向两个维度对曲江城市旅游综合体的时空演变过程和规律进行全方位的定量化表征，通过问卷反映的游客行为特征分析UTC发展对城市旅游空间格局的影响。最后，运用情景分析方法为曲江城市旅游综合体的未来发展提供多情景方案，并提出基于政府管理的措施方案。本研究有望从理论上深化城市旅游综合体对旅游地域系统要素相互作用关系的深入表达，实践上为类似旅游综合体的适应性发展提供决策依据。

作为中国旅游产业转型的关键路径和政府引导区域升级的重要手段，系统把握城市旅游综合体发展演化的过程规律，可以为城市发展方向的明确和现存发展问题的有效解决提供理论依据。本课题聚焦的问题是：城市旅游综合体的发展演化过程与驱动机制具有怎样的规律性？如何构建城市旅游综合一般发展规律的优化管控方案，才能更好地推动城市旅游综合体的高效可持续发展？为回答这个问题，本课题以西安曲江作为案例地，将城市旅游综合体视作人地关系地域系统的特殊形态，从地理空间性和产业发展时间延续性的动态过程出发，按照“发生-成长-演化”的逻辑思路，研究城市旅游综合体发生发展和演化的过程规律，主要包括在明确城市旅游综合体本质属性和理论源流的基础上，分析城市旅游综合体的发生条件与成长机制、城市旅游综合体的成长阶段与演化动力、城市旅游综合体业态集聚的时序变化特征、城市旅游综合体土地利用空间的演变规律等内容。. 研究发现：城市旅游综合体的形成是城市化水平不断提高背景下，城市发展追求对更高资源利用效率水平的必然结果，“空间”作为“产业”发展载体，“产业”作为“空间”市场主体，二者相互作用建构了城市旅游综合体的概念和逻辑框架，而“经营城市”理念则成为这种业态形成的理论来源。城市旅游综合体的生成对特定主因子的依赖程度并不高，8个主因子的累计方差贡献率也仅为66.373%，说明影响城市旅游综合体生成的要素成分较为复杂。作为一种特殊的旅游目的地形态，城市旅游综合体的生命周期特征与Butler旅游地生命周期阶段存在一定差异，旅游及相关产业聚集过程对城市空间结构改造和对主体功能的导向作用，其产业聚集和空间改造对于提升城市资源利用水平都表现出强大的适应性，作为旅游休闲经济活动在城市特定区域选择性集中分布而产生的地理现象，城市旅游综合体内部旅游休闲业态集聚格局的形成则是由城市发展导向所决定的，本质上是旅游人地关系地域系统中人地要素相互适应和协同发展的结果。