旅游地旅游业碳排放时空格局演化及优化模式研究

With the prominence of such problems as global climate change, the security of natural resource and ecological environment, there are three major technology requirements for sustainable development in tourist destination: energy saving and emission reduction, low carbon development and ecological civilization construction. Zhangjiajie was chosen as case research area in this project, and the research methods were established from multiple subjects, which include geography, ecology, environmental science, tourism science, resource science and sociology. Based on tourism satellite account, the measure model on carbon emissions for tourism industry in destination is constructed with the application of Bottom-up and Top-down methods, Life Cycle Assessment and Resources flow theory, analyzing the characteristics of evolution on spatial pattern of carbon emissions for tourism industry in tourist destination during different life cycle stages. The factor decomposition model on the time process evolution of carbon emissions for tourism industry in destination is constructed by using Kaya identity and LMDI factor decomposition method, and the factors on the spatial pattern evolution were analyzed by using the spatial evolution theory. The mechanism of action on the factors to the time and spatial pattern evolution of carbon emissions on tourism industry in destination is analyzed from the perspective of ecological civilization. The optimizing development model and countermeasures on the spatial pattern evolution of carbon emissions for tourism industry in destination are put forward in the different life cycle stages. The research results will provide scientific support and cases reference on the optimization configuration on tourism space element, low carbon transformation development and energy saving and emissions reduction for tourism industry, regional industrial structure optimization and ecological civilization construction for tourist destination.

随着全球气候变化与资源环境安全问题日益突出，旅游目的地亟需节能减排、低碳发展与生态文明建设的科技需求。本项目以张家界旅游地为案例区，综合运用地理学、生态学、环境科学、旅游学、资源科学、社会学等学科领域的研究方法，基于旅游卫星账户，融合自下而上与自上而下结合法、生命周期评价法与资源流理论构建旅游地旅游业碳排放测度模型，分析旅游目的地不同生命周期阶段旅游业碳排放空间格局演化特点；运用Kaya恒等式与LMDI因素分解法构建旅游地旅游业碳排放时间变化的因素分解模型，采用空间演化理论等剖析影响旅游地旅游业碳排放空间格局演化的因素，分析生态文明建设视角下各因素对旅游地旅游业碳排放时空格局演化的作用机制；探究旅游地在不同生命周期阶段下旅游业碳排放空间格局优化模式及对策。研究成果为我国旅游地旅游空间要素优化配置、旅游产业低碳转型与节能减排，区域产业结构优化与区域生态文明建设提供科技支撑与案例借鉴。

随着全球气候变化与资源环境安全问题日益突出，旅游目的地面临着节能减排、低碳发展与生态文明建设的科技需求。自立项以来，项目负责人和课题组成员按照课题申报书的内容实施研究。首先，课题组先后前往张家界武陵源区等地开展实地考察，收集了大量一手数据与资料。其次，选择武陵源风景名胜区为研究对象，就目的地旅游业能源消耗流动过程与测评体系、旅游地旅游业碳排放测度模型及实证、旅游地旅游业碳排放变化影响因素分解及实证分析、旅游地住宿业与景区碳排放时空格局演化分析、基于4E系统的旅游地旅游业低碳发展模式、张家界国家森林公园游客低碳认知意愿与行为分析等问题开展了深入研究。第三，课题组成员学习并掌握了与本研究相关的数理统计软件SPSS和空间分析软件ArcGIS软件，构建了碳排放定量测度模型、碳排放情景分析模型、碳排放变化影响因素分解模型、旅游4E系统、旅游地旅游业低碳发展模式等。第四，本课题资助的科研成果发表于资源类、地理类等重要期刊《Natural Resources Forum》、《Frontiers in Earth Science》、《资源科学》、《地理科学进展》、《人文地理》、《地理与地理信息科学》、《世界地理研究》、《干旱区资源与环境》、《生态经济》、《华东经济管理》等发表论文19篇，其中SCI收录期刊2篇论文，CSSCI或CSCD收录期刊文章9篇，1篇文章被人大书报资料中心复印报刊资料《旅游管理》全文转载。本项目立足于旅游学、地理学、资源科学等学科前沿问题，以自下而上与自上而下法、生命周期评价法与资源流理论、Kaya恒等式扩展式与因素分解法、情景分析法等方法为指导，以旅游地旅游业碳排放时空格局演化及优化模式为选题，对旅游地旅游业碳排放测度、时空演化等相关理论问题进行了深入探讨，达到了丰富旅游生态学与旅游地理学的研究内容的目的，有助于指导我国旅游目的地开展低碳旅游与生态文明建设。本研究基本执行了课题申报书中的研究内容、研究方案，并按照研究方法和技术路线进行相关操作，基本完成当初拟定的研究目标。