民营企业职业经理对上谦卑与对下谦卑的“双刃剑“效应：理论内涵、作用机理及其改善机制研究

Whether humility can enhance professional managers’ effectiveness is a key problem for private enterprises to breakthrough management bottleneck and achieve sustainable growth. This research project will focus on: (1) theoretical connotation and mechanism of professional managers’ humility towards supervisors and subordinates; (2) the impact of professional managers’ humility towards subordinates on leader effectiveness and subordinate proactivity; (3) the impact of professional managers’ humility towards supervisors on performance rating and promotion; (4) the impact of professional managers’ humility towards supervisors on proactivity and abusive supervision; (5) the impact of inconsistency between professional managers’ humility towards supervisors and towards subordinates..The theoretical contributions of this research project would be: (1) clarifying the connotation and mechanism of humility towards supervisors and subordinates; (2) exploring the impact and boundary conditions of humility towards subordinates on professional managers and subordinates from the perspective of implicit leadership theory; (3) exploring the impact and boundary conditions of humility towards supervisors on professional managers and subordinates from the perspective of ego depletion and attribution theory; (4) exploring the impact of inconsistency between humility towards supervisors and subordinates. This project will provide theoretical and practical guidance for private enterprises to enhance professional managers' leadership effectiveness, thus effectively integrate management resources and achieve sustainable growth.

谦卑能否提升职业经理的领导效能是民营企业突破管理瓶颈、实现持续成长的关键问题。本课题将重点剖析：（1）职业经理对上谦卑与对下谦卑的理论内涵及作用机理；（2）对下谦卑如何影响职业经理的领导效能及下属主动性；（3）对上谦卑如何影响职业经理的绩效评估及晋升；（4）对上谦卑如何影响职业经理的主动性及苛责式督导行为；（5）对上谦卑与对下谦卑的不一致性将产生何种影响。.创新点为：（1）区分谦卑行为的人际对象，厘清对上谦卑与对下谦卑的内涵及作用机制；（2）基于内隐领导理论剖析对下谦卑对职业经理领导效能及下属主动性的作用机理及边界条件；（3）从自我损耗与归因理论视角诠释对上谦卑对职业经理及下属的影响效应及边界条件；（4）基于职业经理双重身份的视角，剖析对上谦卑与对下谦卑的不一致性造成的影响效应。本课题将为民营企业提升职业经理的领导效能，进而为其有效融合管理资源、实现持续成长提供微观理论基础和实践指导。

如何有效发挥职业经理的领导效能是中国民营企业突破管理瓶颈、实现持续成长的关键问题。日益动态化、充满不确定性与不可预测性的组织环境，使得职业经理很难做到无所不能。以往职业经理运筹帷幄、自上而下、强权号令、强势督导的领导方式将越来越难以奏效，加强自我学习以及促进员工成长成为民营企业发展的关键。本课题在学术界以往研究的基础上，结合社会信息加工理论及谦卑型领导理论等最新研究进展，重点围绕领导对下谦卑的影响机制、边界条件及前因变量等问题进行深入探讨。.本课题首先回顾了谦卑型领导领域的文献脉络，发现以往研究对于谦卑型领导的情感机制及前因探讨相对不足。在此基础上课题组成员通过两个上下级配对样本实证检验了谦卑型领导的情感机制及前因变量。具体而言，领导的增量自我理论及关系自我将促进领导展现谦卑行为，领导的谦卑行为通过激发下属的关系能量、降低下属的情绪耗竭，进而间接提升下属的工作绩效。这一作用机制受到领导权力的调节。基于这一发现的研究成果已在JAP发表。其次，课题组成员还进一步检验了领导对下谦卑的影响效应，包括谦卑型领导对下属任务适应性及主动性的影响机制与边界条件，谦卑型领导对下属职业学习的非线性影响及边界条件。再次，本研究发现谦卑与其他领导特征不是互斥的，因此我们又进一步探讨了其他领导风格对员工工作态度与行为的影响，以及领导行为的涌现机制。相关的研究成果已在《管理世界》等期刊发表。这些研究成果不仅丰富了学者对谦卑型领导有效性的理解，也期望从谦卑的视角为提升民营企业职业经理的自身成长与员工发展提供建议。