大规模水电跨省区消纳优化调度建模方法研究

In China, the uneven distribution of hydro resources and electricity demand is very serious. More than 80% of hydro resources is in western region which is underdeveloped. Especially, about 67% of hydro resources is possessed by five southwestern provinces, cities or autonomous regions. With the rapid development of the hydro resources in southwestern region，many huge plants have been put into operation one after another. Consequently,the optimal operation of hydro systems has become a major scientific and technological issue to be solved in large grid platform when large-scale hydroelectric energy is consumed by inter-province or inter-region electritic power transmission. The complex hydro operation has a significant impact on the safe, stable, economical operation of power grids and cascaded hydropower plants. Different from traditional cascaded hydro operation or provincial hydrothermal operation problems, the proposed problem is actually a complex optimal operation problem among multiple different types of power plants and power grids(called inter-grid operation). Great difficulty has been posed to modeling this problem due to enormous number of power plants and constraint sets. Moreover, four types of operation problems are also faced in inter-grid operation, which are hydro operation, coordinating operation for hydro plants and power grids, coordinating operation for multi-type power plants, and coordinating operation for power grids, respectively. Therefore, our research puts emphasis on two key problems with different time scales, long-term inter-grid operation problem and short-term power balance problem among multiple power grids. The work will be done according to the actual operation issues and difficulties, which have been met in the electric power transmission among China Southern Power Grid and its owned Guangdong Power Grid, Guangxi Power Grid, Yunnan Power Grid, Guizhou Power Grid, and Hainan Power Grid. The ultimate target of our research is to formulate practical mathematical models and provide efficient solution methods for long-term and short-term inter-grid operation, and obtain operational policy for the aforementioned practical engineerings.

我国水能资源与电力需求呈逆向分布，经济欠发达的西部占全国水能储量的80%以上，特别是西南五省区市所占比例高达67%。随着西南地区高速开发的水电相继大规模投产，水电跨省区消纳优化调度已成为大电网平台亟待解决的重大科学技术问题，直接关系到电网、梯级水电站群安稳经济节能运行。与流域水电站群和省级电网水火电站群的发电调度问题不同，水电跨省区消纳优化调度实质上是一个多电网多电源的复杂联合优化调度（简称跨网调度）问题，需要处理水电站之间、水电站与电网之间、不同类型电源之间、电网之间等多种关联对象的协调运行问题，包含的电站规模和约束条件集极为庞大，给建模求解带来很大困难。本项目拟致力于两个尺度的水电跨网调度问题：长期跨网调度和短期跨网电力平衡问题，拟以南方电网及其辖区内粤、桂、滇、黔、琼五省间的互联电力系统为背景，结合实际调度运行问题开展研究，目标是建立切实可用的长、短期水电跨网调度模型和求解方法。

随着西南地区金沙江、澜沧江、雅砻江等巨型梯级水电站群集中并网发电，以及溪洛渡-浙江、向家坝-上海等特高压直流水电工程投入运行，我国水电跨省跨区输送规模急剧扩大，带来了非常突出的消纳和调峰调度问题，这是我国大电网平台下亟待解决的重大科学技术问题，直接关系到电网、梯级水电站群安稳经济节能运行。与流域水电站群和省级电网水火电站群的发电调度问题不同，水电跨省区调度实质上是一个多电网多电源的复杂联合优化调度问题，需要处理水电站之间、水电站与电网之间、不同类型电源之间、电网之间等多种关联对象的协调运行问题，包含的电站规模和约束条件集极为庞大，给建模求解带来很大困难。. 本项目以南方电网、华东电网及其辖区内各省间的互联电力系统为背景，围绕大水电和大电网协调调度问题，开展了多电网调峰调度建模和求解、大规模梯级水电站群跨省调峰调度、特大规模水电站群和水火电站群降维求解方法的研究，取得了具有重要价值的研究成果，包括大电网多省级电网协调调峰方法、跨省送电梯级水电站群调峰调度两阶段搜索方法、火电切负荷调峰方法、大规模水电站群调度实用化求解策略、梯级水电站群多目标混合优化调度方法等，研发了大水电系统优化调度软件系统和区域电网水火电协调控制软件系统，在华东电网、南方电网、云南电网得到了成功应用，在华东电网实际调度测试可提高上海、江苏、浙江、安徽等省网调峰率约20.5%，相当于在高峰时期可以最多关停11台600MW的火电机组，降低系统煤耗0.9g/kWh，按2013年华东全网火电发电量计算，相当于全年节约标煤91.5万吨，减排二氧化碳240.5万吨，减排二氧化硫2.19万吨，经济效益和社会效益显著。本项目研究成果为缓解我国电网普遍存在的调峰难题提供了可行有效的技术手段，为我国现阶段和未来大水电和大电网的安全、经济、节能运行提供了技术支撑，有助于提升区域乃至全国范围的资源优化配置能力。