纾解中小企业融资困境的国际经验

It is with no doubt that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in national economy by enlarging employment, promoting efficiency, accelerating innovation and facilitating economic growth. However, SMEs usually face financial constraints, not only in China or other developing countries, but also in developed countries. For SMEs, this is a global phenomena and one shall seek for international experiences if he wants to explore ways to help overcoming the SMEs’ financial constraints. This object will provide broad yet deep comparisons among developed and developing countries and areas to see how they succeeded or failed when trying to relax the problem. ..We will select several typical countries and areas such as US, UK, Germany, Japan and Taiwan,China to get some experiences, and we hope our global comparisons can provide meaningful policy suggestions and implications for current China, as it continues growing rapidly and changing its economic structure meanwhile. ..This project is one part of the project "The Strategy to Relax Financial Constraint of SMEs in China: A New Perspective from Optimal Financial Structure Theory", and apparently different from literature and other earlier similar researches, our research strategy will be based on the new strutural economics, which is a new and promising perspective.

中小企业在国民经济中所扮演的地位非常重要，在扩大就业、提高效率、加快创新和促进经济增长等方面，中小企业有着大型企业所不具备的诸多优势。然而中小企业的发展往往面临着融资难的问题，并且不独中国，在整个世界范围内这一现象都普遍存在。事实上，不仅仅是发展中国家的中小企业，发达国家的中小企业也常常面临着融资不足的问题。因此，纾解我国中小企业在当前经济发展阶段所处的融资困境，不仅需要把脉当前中国经济和社会发展中的制约因素，也需要以国际经验教训作为镜鉴。本课题拟研究具有代表性的发达国家和地区，如美国、英国、德国、日本、中国台湾，以及具有代表性的发展中国家及地区，如印度等，通过总结分析它们在纾解各自国家和地区的中小企业融资困境上所采取的方案政策的优劣得失，提炼出可供中国参考的经验教训。

中小企业在国民经济中所扮演的地位非常重要，在扩大就业、提高效率、加快创新和促进经济增长等方面，中小企业有着大型企业所不具备的诸多优势。然而中小企业的发展往往面临着融资难的问题，并且不独中国，在整个世界范围内这一现象都普遍存在。事实上，不仅仅是发展中国家的中小企业，发达国家和地区的中小企业也常常面临着融资不足的问题。因此，纾解我国中小企业在当前经济发展阶段所处的融资困境，不仅需要把脉当前中国经济和社会发展中的制约因素，也需要以国际经验教训作为镜鉴。本报告介绍了美国、我国台湾地区、韩国和日本在二战后七十年间纾解中小企业融资困境上所采取的方案政策的优劣得失，提炼出可供中国参考的经验教训。