叶幕型对新疆赤霞珠葡萄果实酚类物质代谢的影响及调控机制研究

Xinjiang is the biggest premium vinifera production base in our country. Affected by climatic condition, the accumulation of phenolic substances is insufficient due to the excessively fast accumulation of sugar, which become the common problem about vinifera production in Xinjiang. This problem has a great influence on quality improvement of wine.The results of our previous study shown that compared with hedgerow canopy, the content of phenolic substances in grape berry increased significantly with V canopy shape. But the metabolism regulatory mechanism of phenolic substances in vinifera berry has not clear, which influenced by canopy shape under the special ecological conditions in Xinjiang. We use ‘cabernet sauvignon’ grape cultivar with ‘厂’ Shape training structure as the research objects, by setting different canopy shape treatments, through field environmental indicators and photosynthesis detection, physical and chemical indicators, metabolome and transcriptome laboratory detection, to analysis the difference of microclimate index, canopy PAR interception characteristics, colony photosynthetic capacity, phenolic substances composition and content at different developmental stages and tissues of grape berry between various canopy shape treatments; reveal the critical periods and key factors which influence the phenolic substances metabolic; exploring the metabolism regulatory networks change way. And further to elucidate the influence and regulation mechanism of phenolic metabolic which affected by canopy shape of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grape cultivar on the basis of physiological and molecular level. So as to provide theoretical basis for suitable canopy shape and management measures selection for raw material of high quality wine production in Xinjiang production areas of vinifera and wine.

新疆是我国最大的优质酿酒葡萄原材料基地，受气候条件的影响，新疆酿酒葡萄普遍存在成熟期糖分积累过快酚类物质积累不足的问题，对葡萄酒品质的提升造成较大影响。前期研究发现与篱壁形相比V形叶幕型能显著提高赤霞珠葡萄果实酚类物质含量，但有关新疆特殊生态条件下叶幕型影响葡萄酚类物质代谢的调控机制还不清楚。本项目以“厂”形赤霞珠葡萄为研究对象，设置不同叶幕型处理，采用田间环境、生理指标测定与室内理化指标、代谢组、转录组检测相结合的研究方法，分析不同处理间微气候、叶幕PAR截留特性、群体光合能力及果实不同发育阶段酚类物质组成和含量的差异，探讨引起酚类物质代谢差异的关键影响因子和时期，揭示酚类物质代谢调控网络的改变途径，从生理和分子水平上阐明叶幕型差异对赤霞珠葡萄酚类物质代谢的影响及调控机制。为新疆酿酒葡萄产区，优质葡萄酒原材料生产过程中适宜叶幕型选择和管理措施优化提供实践基础和理论依据。

新疆是我国最大的优质酿酒葡萄原材料基地，受气候条件的影响，新疆酿酒葡萄普遍存在成熟期糖分积累过快酚类物质积累不足的问题，影响葡萄酒品质的提升。前期研究发现与篱壁形相比V形叶幕型能显著提高赤霞珠葡萄果实酚类物质含量，但有关新疆特殊生态条件下叶幕型影响葡萄酚类物质代谢的调控机制还不清楚。明确叶幕整形方式调控果实酚类物质代谢的作用机制及关键环境影响因子，对于新疆及西北产区酿酒葡萄生产中适宜叶幕整形方式的选择和调控措施的应用具有重要的实践和指导意义。本项目以新疆主要红色酿酒葡萄品种赤霞珠和梅鹿辄为研究对象，设置篱壁形、V形和T形3个不同叶幕型处理，采用田间环境、生理指标测定与室内理化指标、代谢组、转录组检测相结合的研究方法，探讨引起酚类物质代谢差异的关键影响因子和时期，从生理和分子水平上阐明叶幕型差异对新疆主要红色酿酒葡萄酚类物质代谢的影响及调控机制。研究结果表明：①转色至成熟期是叶幕整形方式影响果实酚类物质代谢的关键时期；冠层内外平均PAR、果域最低湿度和冠层外围PAR是叶幕整形方式影响果实酚类物质代谢的关键影响因子。②通过转录组和代谢组联合分析确定：类黄酮生物合成途径和苯丙素生物合成途径是叶幕型影响果实酚类物质代谢的主要通路；SHT、CCR1、CYP98A9、P45098A2、CYP98A2、POD4、CAMT、CAD1、BGLU、CCOMT是叶幕整形方式调控酚酸类化合物代谢的关键基因，UGT88A1、CHI和CCOMT是叶幕整形方式调控黄酮类化合物代谢的关键基因。③在新疆产区采用V形或T形叶幕整形方式，可以通过降低叶幕外围PAR强度、提高叶幕整体光能利用率、提高果域湿度，显著提高果皮中PAL、C4H、4CL、HCT、CHS、CHI、FLS、LDOX等酚类物质代谢关键酶活性，进而提高果实中酚类物质的积累；通过对篱壁形叶幕进行遮挡处理进一步证实适度降低叶幕外围直射光照强度能够显著提高果皮、种子和酒体中酚类物质含量，有利于改善葡萄酒品质。