基于OP-FTIR光谱技术的污染气体典型面源排放因子研究

Measurement of emission index from area source is a difficult problem and urgent requirement of making pollutants emission inventory for our country. Traditional point sampling methods cannot capture the spatial and temporal characters of area source. Using optical remote sensing and micrometeorology techniques to measure area source emission index, combining the advantages of synchronous multi-components measurement of open path Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and area source emission inversion methods of vertical radial plume mapping etc. Based on actual area source and meteorology conditions, a set of air pollutants measurement method form area source is given. With choosing classical area source, automatic, continuous, annual measurement of air pollutants is conducted. The emission index published is evaluated by comparing to the actually measured one. Effecting factors for estimating emission index is analysed. The characters of the same area source with the change of weather and season are also researched, in order to improve the precision of estimating emission index. Comparing the measurement results between two different sites is conducted to acquire the difference of their emission index. The effecting factors of these difference are also analysed. The research work of this paper will provide precise actual data and suitable method for measuring and estimating the emission index of the area source. It also fulfils the need of making emission inventory of the country.

针对我国污染物排放清单编制的迫切要求和面源排放因子测量的难题，传统的点式采样测量方法难以反映出面源的时空变化特征。利用光学远程探测与微气象技术结合的方法测量面源排放因子，综合了开放光路傅立叶变化红外光谱（OP-FTIR）等光学多组分污染气体同时检测和垂直辐射羽流图（VPRM）等面源排放率反演方法的优点，根据实际面源环境和气象条件，建立起一套有效的面源污染气体排放率连续测量方法。选择典型面源进行年度污染气体排放自动连续测量，利用实测排放因子对国家发布的排放因子进行验证和评估，分析影响排放因子估算的源条件相关因素。研究同一面源排放污染气体随天气条件和季节变化的规律，提高排放因子估计的准确度。选取不同地点的同类型面源排放进行对比监测，获取所得排放因子的差异，分析研究造成差异的影响因素。最终对该类型源排放因子的测量和估计提供准确的参考数据和方法，满足国家对排放清单的编制需求。

针对我国污染物排放清单编制的迫切要求和面源排放因子测量的难题，传统的点式采样测量方法难以反映出面源的时空变化特征。利用光学远程探测与微气象技术结合的方法测量面源排放因子，综合了开放光路傅立叶变化红外光谱（OP-FTIR）等光学多组分污染气体同时检测和辐射羽流图（RPM）等面源排放率反演方法的优点。研发出地基多光路扫描式OP-FTIR面源排放连续自动测量系统。针对不同的面源环境和气象条件，建立了基于垂直辐射羽流图（VRPM）和水平辐射羽流图（HRPM）的面源污染气体排放率连续测量方法。在数据处理上，重点利用了多光路布局优化改进了通量测量的准确性和可靠性，提出并采用基于最小曲面的面源分布重建算法，以及开放光路傅里叶变换红外光谱面源排放层析重建算法，克服了传统单光路设备受气象条件影响大和难以实际布局的缺点。选取了不同的工业和农业面源开展了污染气体排放自动连续测量，包括上海金山石化和北京燕山石化工业源，以及黄淮海封丘地区的农业源。获取了甲烷、乙烯、乙烷、醋酸乙烯、甲醇等气体组分的排放数据。同时与其它测量设备进行了对比监测，并与国家发布的排放因子进行验证和评估，获取所得排放因子的差异，分析了影响排放因子估算的源条件相关因素。本研究在国内率先实现了多光路扫描式OP-FTIR的面源监测应用，基于研发的系统提出了新的面源浓度和通量重建算法，从而充分发挥多光路多组分FTIR光学远程探测技术的优势，为复杂面源排放测量难题提供了新的解决方法，为我国排放清单编制提供先进的测量评估技术。