基于激光吸收光谱技术的畜禽养殖场氨排放特征及排放因子研究

Ammonia has many negative effects on ecosystem function and health, and on air quality. The ammonia emission from livestock and poultry farms is the main source of atmospheric ammonia. Investigating the characteristic of ammonia emission and ammonia emission factor is of great significance to estimate regional ammonia emission from aquaculture, and to set related policies and measures for reducing ammonia emission. The project combines open-path tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and backward Lagrangian stochastic dispersion model to measure the characteristics of ammonia emission and ammonia emission factors via high-temporal resolution data for the common small pig farms and chicken farms in Henan Province. The objectives of this research are to unravel the diurnal and seasonal dynamic of ammonia emission and influencing factor for waste of livestock and poultry from animal housing, to quantify the total ammonia emission from waste at different developmental stages of livestock and poultry, to determine localization ammonia emission factors for livestock and poultry, and to lay the scientific foundation for constructing more precise ammonia emission inventory.

氨气对大气环境和生态系统有诸多负面影响，畜禽养殖业是大气中氨气的主要来源。明确养殖场氨排放特征与排放因子是估算区域养殖业氨排放量，制定相应减排措施与政策的重要基础。本项目拟将开放光程可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术（TDLAS）与微气象学反向拉格朗日随机扩散理论有效结合，以河南省常见的小型养猪场、养鸡场为研究对象，开展基于高时间分辨率数据的畜禽养殖场氨排放特征与排放因子研究。揭示畜禽排泄物在养殖场舍养阶段氨排放日变化和季节性变化动态以及影响因素，明确不同生长发育阶段畜禽排泄物氨排放量，建立本地化畜禽氨排放因子，为制定更加精准的氨排放清单奠定科学基础。

氨气对大气环境和生态系统有诸多负面影响，畜禽养殖业是我国大气中氨气的主要来源。明确养殖场氨排放特征与排放因子是估算区域养殖业氨排放量，制定相应减排措施与政策的重要基础。围绕项目的总体目标，基于高时间分辨率的开放光程可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术与可定量测定养殖场氨排放速率的反向拉格朗日随机扩散模型，开展了河南典型小规模畜禽养殖场氨排放特征及排放因子研究，在畜禽养殖场氨排放特征、氨排放影响因素及氨排放因子等方面取得了重要成果。基于高时间分辨率数据，揭示了畜禽养殖场氨排放日变化、日际变化和季节性变化动态；明确了畜禽养殖场氨排放日内变化动态主要受风速影响，气温和室温是畜禽养殖场氨排放季节性变化动态的主控因素；小型养鸡场蛋鸡氨排放因子为0.72 g NH3·天–1·只–1，小型养猪场生产1头肥猪共排放氨气987.57g。本项目率先定量化我国典型小规模畜禽养殖场氨排放因子，为制定更加精准的区域氨排放清单奠定科学基础。