从矿山型棕地到绿色空间：驱动机制、效益与模式

With the coming of post-industrialization, traditional mining industry will be gradually eliminated or abandoned.So the mine sites, without being ecologically restored and exposed as a "scar" in modern society ,are known as brownfield. Under the initiative of Greening Development and the "Beautiful China" ,it is inevitable for the mining brownfield to be greening .On the basis of classifying all kinds of mode and experience of mining brownfield at home and abroad, this project will first analyze the current situation of main mining brownfield and their reuse in our country,and then choose typical mining parks in different regions as study cases in order to probe and contrast their driving forces of transformation. Corresponding to the driving forces of transformation, the project will assess comprehensive benefits of the mining park transformation,analyze their effects of ecological restoration,evaluate their recreation function and value, and discuss the impacts of environmental "stigma" on the recreational value of mining parks. Based on these researches, the project will conclude the regulation mechanism of transformation from mining brownfield to green space ,as well as will outline the modes of transformation for different typical cases. The research will not only provide a scientific basis for protecting and administrating ecological function,and for developing recreation function, but also provide theoretical guidance for sustainable utilization of land resources and the ecological civilization,as well as provide the experiences for other same mining parks in our country.

随着后工业化时期的到来，传统的矿业开发方式逐步被淘汰、废弃，这些未经生态修复的矿山暴露在现代社会中成为一个个“伤疤”，称作矿山型棕地。在当前绿色发展和“美丽中国”建设背景下，矿山型棕地绿色转型成为必然。本项目在借鉴国内外相关研究基础上，设计“驱动-效益-调控”之研究框架。在我国88家国家矿山公园中选择绿色空间典型案例，分析矿山型棕地转型为绿色空间的驱动机制；对转型后的绿色空间综合效益进行评价，进一步评估矿山生态修复效果，评价矿山公园的游憩价值，探讨矿山环境“污名”对其游憩价值的影响；进而分析转型驱动力与综合效益、生态修复效果、游憩价值及环境“污名”之间的相互作用；通过建立关系模型，研究从矿山型棕地转型为绿色空间的优化调控机制，并针对不同典型案例概括出不同转型模式。该研究为我国土地资源可持续利用提供科学依据，为加快矿山企业绿色转型提供理论指导，为国内其他类似矿山公园开发与管理提供经验借鉴。

随着后工业化时期到来，传统矿业开发逐步被淘汰、废弃，这些未经生态修复的矿山暴露在现代社会中成为一个个“伤疤”，称之为矿山型棕地。在当前生态文明和“美丽中国”建设背景下，研究矿山型棕地绿色转型成为必然。本项目首先在梳理国内外矿业废弃地生态修复研究热点和趋势基础上，归纳我国矿业废弃地再利用的基本类型与模式。其次，选取典型矿山案例地，根据演化博弈理论探讨公众参与情景下政府与企业对矿业废弃地生态修复的行为博弈；分析矿山绿色转型利益相关者对矿山可持续发展的贡献度、关联度及障碍度，从而剖析矿山型棕地转为绿色空间的驱动机制。再次，利用潜在生态危害指数法及健康风险评估模型对矿山转为绿色空间后潜在生态健康风险进行评价；应用生态系统服务价值估算模型和条件价值法(CVM)分析矿山公园生态系统服务价值；应用模糊评价法探讨矿山公园绿色转型综合效益，实现从多角度探讨矿山生态修复效果；最后，归纳总结矿山型棕地绿色转型模式和调控机制。本项目在完成计划任务之上扩展研究内容，选取国内若干典型国家矿山公园进行矿山公园旅游形象对比分析；构建研学旅游框架，尝试矿山公园研学旅行方案设计；探讨了矿业城市绿色空间生态系统服务价值和矿业城市绿色基础设施网络优化。针对以上研究内容取得了相应的研究成果。这些成果为加快我国矿山企业绿色转型提供理论指导，为国内其他类似矿山公园开发与管理提供经验借鉴。对于我国加快矿区经济转型升级、土地资源集约利用、工业遗产旅游开发、生态文明建设具有重要的理论和现实意义。