我国木蜂属物种资源评价和采食行为研究

Large carpenter bees belong to the tribe Xylocopini within the subfamily Xylocopinae (Hymenoptera: Apidae). They are currently grouped into a single genus, Xylocopa. The genus is wildly distributed in tropical and subtropical habitats with over 470 species from 33 subgenera described worldwide so far. In China, this genus is mainly distributed in the Xinan and the Mengxin (Proxylocopa) region, with 40 species from 14 subgenera recorded. It has been recognized as one of the most important group of wild pollinator insects and a common nectar robbers. The mating strategy and sociality of this genus species have important significance in researching the early stage of insect social evolution.. In this study, such methods as sorting collection specimens, traditional resource investigation, morphology identification and modern molecular biotechnology are employed to study the germ plasm resource of genus Xylocopa in China and the foraging behavior of belonging to this genus; the current resource state & habitat conditions of the genus Xylocopa in China are clarified，construct Chinese Xylocopa information database, phylogeny for the species of genus Xylocopa in China is analyzed and discussed, in order to initiate phylogeny research on genus Xylocopa in China. This study will provide powerful evidence for the inter- species or inter-populations genetic differentiation & genetic relationship of of genus Xylocopa and have important instructive significance in discussing the genetic background of the genus Xylocopa resource formation in China and using the Xylocopa resource diversity as well as developing and employing the germ plasm resource of genus Xylocopa in China.

木蜂隶属于膜翅目蜜蜂科木蜂亚科的木蜂族，现归为单一的木蜂属, 主要分布于热带和亚热带地区，现世界记述有33亚属470种；我国主要分布于西南区和蒙新区（突眼木蜂亚属），记述有14亚属40种; 木蜂是一类重要的野生传粉昆虫和常见的盗蜜者；该类群的交配策略和生活方式用来研究昆虫社会进化早期阶段具有重要意义。. 鉴于该类群重要的生态作用和我国的研究现状，本项目拟通过馆藏文献整理、传统的资源调查、形态特征鉴定和现代分子生物学技术等手段对我国木蜂属的种质资源和觅食行为进行研究，旨在清楚我国木蜂属现有的资源状况、栖息地环境，建立我国木蜂物种信息库，分析和探讨我国木蜂种类的系统发育关系。本研究将为木蜂种间或群体间的遗传分化及亲缘关系提供有力的证据；对探讨我国木蜂资源形成的遗传背景和正确利用木蜂资源多样性，以及开发利用我国的木蜂种质资源均具有十分重要的指导意义。

在本项目基本按照申请要求完成各项内容。木蜂作为蜜蜂科里一个重要类群用来研究昆虫社会演化的早期阶段具有重要意义。2014-2016年在对馆藏标本鉴定、资料学习和横跨我国8个省份的木蜂资源的野外调查为基础，识别了新疆原木蜂、紫木蜂、赤足木蜂、黄胸木蜂和长木蜂5种木蜂的形态特征和筑巢生物学行为。首次描述了新疆原木蜂和蒙古突眼木蜂的雄虫形态特征；发现了紫木蜂在新疆异常的筑巢行为；采集了10种木蜂的完整生活史标本；构建了中国木蜂属已知物种信息数据库；测定了2种木蜂蜂粮的营养成分；分析了越冬长木蜂肠道菌群的多样性。该项目的实施和完成基本摸清我国木蜂属目前的资源现状和存在问题，推进了我国木蜂属的系统学研究，促进木蜂属作为传粉昆虫在生产上的应用进程。