生物质能源物种掌叶木优良种质资源的评价与发掘

The development of green renewable energy is an important measure to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by the development of existing energy. Handeliodendron bodinieri (Lévl.) Rehd. is an important biomass species and one of the endangered species deserving national protection. How to protect and explore the species effectively and scientifically is the problem we need to solve urgently. The oil content of kernels of seeds of H. bodinieri is up to 52.6%, however, the survival of seeding by sexual propagation is low. So, based on the research before, we want to do some research with the combining methods of cell biology, molecular biology and bioinformatics. The oil content and composition of fatty acid of the seed from different provenances will be tested. The changes of seed inclusions and oil body developments in different development stages of seed will be observed. With the technique of RNA-seq and after processing the transcriptome database, we want to establish EST-SSR markers of H. bodinieri to be used in evaluating its germplasm resources. Through the comparative analysis of the seeds transcriptome database, we also want to find expression differences of the relative genes of synthesis of lipid of seeds. Our research will provide an effective molecular tool for evaluation, excavation of the germplasm resources and genetic improving of H. bodinieri. And give scientific support to the protection and utilization of H. bodinieri.

发展绿色可再生能源是解决现有能源开发对环境污染的重要举措，掌叶木（Handeliodendron bodinieri (Lévl.) Rehd.）是国家一级保护濒危植物和重要的生物质能源物种，如何合理有效保护和开发利用该物种是亟待解决的科学问题。掌叶木种仁含油量高达52.6%，但有性繁殖幼苗难以成活。因此本项目拟在前期研究的基础上，结合细胞生物学、分子生物学、生物信息学等技术方法，考察不同种源掌叶木种子含油量与脂肪酸组成差异以及不同发育阶段的种子内含物变化和油体形成特点。结合RNA-seq技术，建立掌叶木转录组数据库，开发掌叶木EST-SSR标记，用于评价与发掘掌叶木优良种质资源；同时通过比较种子转录组，分析与油脂合成相关基因的表达差异。本研究将为掌叶木的资源分析与遗传改良提供有效的分子工具，为掌叶木的开发利用和科学保护提供有力的科学支持。

掌叶木（Handeliodendron bodinieri (Lévl.) Rehd.）是我国一级保护濒危植物，其种子含油量高，具有重要的保护和开发应用价值。本项目通过仪器分析，获知掌叶木种子含有6种饱和脂肪酸、5种单不饱和脂肪酸和3种多不饱和脂肪酸，并首次发现其种子脂肪酸中含有山嵛酸和神经酸。根据掌叶木果实与种子表型性状与种子含油量的相关性分析，以及对广西、云南、贵州三省区六个掌叶木的野生种源的果实与种子发育进程及脂肪酸含量变化特征的调查分析，判定广西省凤山县（种仁含油量56.56%）的掌叶木种群为最优种源。不同发育阶段及不同含油量的掌叶木种仁油体的超显微结构显示，油体大小与含油量高低有明显的相关性。从不同发育时期的掌叶木种子转录组数据中，筛选出与脂肪酸含量变化趋势一致的相关差异基因进行生物信息学分析与功能验证。本项目综合使用了细胞生物学、分子生物学、生物信息学的技术方法，考察了不同种源掌叶木种子含油量与脂肪酸组成差异以及种仁油体的形成特点，对部分与油脂合成相关的差异表达基因进行了功能预测与鉴定。本研究结果为掌叶木的资源分析与遗传改良奠定了一定的基础，为掌叶木的合理开发利用提供了有力科学支持。