基于界面滑移与接触杀菌双机制海洋防污涂层制备及机理研究

Building powerful nation of the ocean has been promoted to national development strategies. Biofouling has taken disastrous consequences to marine materials and facilities, so related research about the mechanisms of biofouling and environmentally friendly anti-fouling technology are necessity and importance. Organic coating is economical, simple, and effective for anti-fouling, but the requirements about long-lasting and environmentally friendly restrict its development. Single functional coatings are difficult to cope with the complexity of the marine biological environment, while studying the synergy mechanism of different types of anti-fouling technology is particularly important to perfect new techniques. With the target of developing a long-lasting, environmentally friendly anti-fouling coating, this research propose a novel anti-fouling coating idea. According to molecular modification and assembly, molecular dynamics simulation, microbial experiments and characterization，we attempt to make the environmentally friendly interfacial slip surface coating and nontoxic contact-killing coating complementary. And the contents include slip mechanism between the solid surface and fluid interface, optimization preparation process of high shearing-surface, preparation of dual mechanism coating, activity and stability about the sterilization groups, synergies of dual mechanism. Contact-killing coating is good at sterilization microorganisms (microfouling), and foul release coatings is good at releasing the macrofouling respectively. The anti-bacterial activity lowers the adhesion strength between the surface of coating and microorganisms, and this will enhance the fouling release capability of coatings; Foul-release coating keeps the surface clean, and makes the anti-bacterial agents more stable. This research will provide the theory basis and technical support to the further research of synergistic mechanism and preparation of the composite coating.

为减少生物污损给海洋装备带来的危害，开展长效、环保防污技术研究势在必行。单一功能涂层很难应对复杂海洋生物环境，开展不同机制协同防污涂层与技术研究尤为重要。 本项目将界面滑移与无毒接触杀菌机制相结合，利用环保型接触杀菌剂强于杀灭微生物，以及滑移界面高剪切特性善于释放大型生物各自优势，实现两种机制协同作用、互补增强。通过界面滑移机制分子动力学理论模拟，提出污损界面滑移理论模型和高界面滑移最佳条件；基于模拟结果，在接触杀菌组分的聚氨酯基础上设计和制备高滑移表面的双功能材料；通过不同组分涂层防污性能表征和对比，掌握双机制耦合参数、涂层最优化设计与制备方法，揭示协同防污机理。 本研究将为复合涂层机制协同的深入研究及工程应用提供理论依据及技术指导，突破环保型防污涂层技术应用瓶颈。

研究涉海材料附着破坏机制及开发高效环保防护技术，为国家海洋事业发展提供基础材料支撑的重要性和紧迫性日益凸显。单一功能涂层很难应对复杂海洋环境，且无毒、长效性能要求限制传统防护涂层技术发展及工程应用，开展环保型机制协同防护涂层与技术研究尤为重要。. 本项目经过三年的努力，围绕界面滑移、接触杀菌机制，协同作用界面构建及其在海洋材料防污和耐磨等防护中利用，取得了一系列令人满意的成果，顺利完成预订目标。在项目资助下发表高水平SCI收录论文7篇，其中部分在国际权威期刊上发表论文。所取得的代表性成果主要有：（1）设计了固-液界面微观动力学模型，通过分子动力学模拟结合微生物防污实验，理解了界面滑移和防污微观机制，控制和改变表面能、粗糙度、流体流速等界面参数，能够有效改变流体界面分子密度分布、速度分布、均方根位移、剪切粘度等变化趋势，界面滑移性能变化最终可以调控固-液界面的防污性能。（2）通过结构设计，制备了含有壳-核纳米杂化材料的涂层，利用特殊杂化结构有效克服纳米银等杀菌性纳米材料易流失、不稳定、涂层鼓泡等问题，发挥比表面积大的纳米材料接触杀菌功能，制备了环保、抗菌、防污的界面涂层材料。（3）初步实现了界面滑移与接触杀菌双机制协同作用，基于界面滑移和接触杀菌两种理论机制，设计了一种新型复合界面材料，制备了长效、协同、互补的防污涂层，防污和去污性能显示两种机制协同作用下达到理想、增强效果。（4）由界面滑移问题进一步研究了界面润滑与磨损问题，增强界面防护材料的耐久性。制备了含有润滑剂的材料基体和表面涂层材料，成分结构、摩擦系数和耐磨损性能较好，提醒人们更加关注海洋环境中材料磨损和冲蚀等界面破坏作用，对于进一步构筑复杂结构或组分的界面防护材料具有重要的指导意义。. 这些成果对于探索界面结构和性质相应的调控理论、开发新型耐久性界面防护材料和建立可持续发展的功能复合材料体系具有重要科学意义。