江西省牛肝菌科真菌的物种多样性研究

Residing in the humid subtropical monsoon climate zone, Jiangxi province benefits from abundant rain and high temperature, which entitles the area one of the most important biodiversity centers in Eastern China. The fungal family Boletaceae is of great ecological and economic importance as it harbors both famous edible and poisonous mushrooms, most of which form ectomycorrhizal relationships with significant plant species. However, little is known regarding the boletes in Jiangxi, and studies in this area are in great needs. This study aims to make a thorough survey on boletes in Jiangxi province using integrated and inter-disciplinary approaches, including macro- and micro-morphological characterizations, ultrastructural investigation of basidiospores, DNA sequencing, molecular phylogenetic analyses of multigene nucleotide sequences, and obtaining ecological evidence. The investigation will result in accurate evaluation and recognition of the species diversity at various levels in this family, establishment of specimen and gene banks and description of new taxa. This research will help understand the bolete resource and its value in the province, and is of great importance in exploitation, utilization and prevention of fungal poisoning of these mushrooms. Furthermore, this project can set a good example for studying other groups of higher fungi in Jiangxi.

江西省地处亚热带湿润季风气候区，雨热充沛，是东部地区重要的生物多样性中心之一。牛肝菌科（Boletaceae）真菌多为外生菌根菌，兼具食用菌和毒菌，具有重要的生态和经济价值。然而，目前针对江西省内牛肝菌科真菌的研究几乎为空白。本项目拟在江西省内进行广泛调查和取样，利用形态特征、显微和超微结构、DNA序列、系统发育分析和生态证据等多种方法，深入认识该区牛肝菌科真菌在不同分类等级的多样性，建立江西牛肝菌标本库和基因库，描述发现的新分类单元。在“摸清家底”的同时，该研究对江西省牛肝菌资源的开发利用和避免毒菌中毒具有重要意义，对该区大型真菌其他类群的研究具有重要示范和借鉴意义。

近年来，随着分子系统学研究的快速发展，牛肝菌科的系统发育框架逐渐明朗，一大批新的分类单元正在被发现和描述。作为我国东部地区生物多样性的关键地区之一，江西省牛肝菌科真菌的系统性研究尚为空白。本项目首次在江西开展牛肝菌科真菌的物种多样性研究，进行较为广泛的野外考察和标本采集，共获得千余号标本，将为牛肝菌科及其它大型真菌的物种多样性研究提供基础资料，也有助于促进我国东部地区大型真菌的基础研究，并为资源开发和利用提供依据。通过对所采集的480号牛肝菌科真菌标本进行系统分类学研究，该区域分布有牛肝菌科的金牛肝菌属Aureoboletus、南方牛肝菌属Austroboletus、条孢牛肝菌属Boletellus、牛肝菌属Boletus、黄肉牛肝菌属Butyriboletus、裘氏牛肝菌属Chiua、蓝牛肝菌属Cyanoboletus、网孢牛肝菌属Hemioporus、庭院牛肝菌属Hortiboletus、厚瓤牛肝菌属Hourangia、Hymenoboletus、兰茂牛肝菌属Lanmaoa、疣柄牛肝菌属Leccinum、新牛肝菌属Neoboletus、黑牛肝菌属Nigroboletus、褶孔牛肝菌属Phylloporus、红孢牛肝菌属Porphyrellus、拟南方牛肝菌属Pseudoaustroboletus、粉末牛肝菌属Pulveroboletus、网柄牛肝菌属Retiboletus、Royoungia、松塔牛肝菌属Strobilomyces、异色牛肝菌属Sutorius、粉孢牛肝菌Tylopilus、绒盖牛肝菌属Xerocomus和臧氏牛肝菌属Zangia等26个属。目前已鉴定种级分类单元61个，包括已发表的江西粉孢牛肝菌和红盖金牛肝菌2个新物种和36个江西省新记录种。研究结果丰富了江西省牛肝菌科真菌的物种多样性，同时，对江西省大型真菌其他类群的研究具有重要的借鉴意义。.