燕山北部山地大型真菌物种多样性研究

The study on species diversity of wild macrofungi, as one type of renewable natural resources, is necessary for their bio-diversity conservation, exploitation and application, and enhancing their function in agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry industries. Northern mountainous region of Yan Shan Mountains is transitional area between two broad-leaved forests in the northeast and the north China. This area becomes international key region of terrestrial biological species diversity with its specific forest-grassland mosaic ecosystems and abundant species. However, the research and publication on background resource and diversity of macrofungi in this region is scarce. The present study aims at providing the first hand reference material of macrofungi in this region. The study covers the following aspects: (1) field investigation of biodiversity of macrofungi in northern mountainous region of Yan Shan Mountains with principles and routine methods of systematic biology, supplemented by molecular data as its guide; (2) species inventory (compilation of regional checklist) of macrofungi in northern mountainous region of Yan Shan Mountains; (3) preparing manuscripts for publications of research results. It has important academic value and scientific significance for world-wide fungi research.

野生大型真菌作为一类可再生性自然资源，为加强生物多样性保护、开发和利用，促进它们在农林牧业生产中发挥更好的作用，对其进行物种多样性研究是十分必要的。燕山北部山地地处东北阔叶林与华北阔叶林、草原与森林双重交汇的过渡地带，物种丰富，是具有国际意义的陆地生物多样性关键地区。但对该区大型真菌本底资源及菌种多样性的研究和报道还很匮乏。该课题拟对该地区大型真菌进行全面系统地调查和采集，采用经典分类的方法和原理，并辅以分子数据对其分类和鉴定，完成其科学编目和区系分析；发现和报道新种和新记录种，能大大地丰富和补充真菌物种多样性和地理分布等方面的信息。从而为我国生物多样性研究与保护提供基础资料。这对全国乃至世界真菌研究来说都具有重要学术价值和科学意义。

通过本项目的实施，在燕山北部山地和大兴安岭南部山地共采集大型真菌标本5285号。采用经典分类与分子系统学相结合的方法对其进行了鉴定和分类，得到大型真菌1169种（含变种），隶属于子囊菌门和担子菌门的25目116科338属。其中包括新种24个、中国新记录科2个：Crassisporiaceae，Eocronartiaceae、新记录种属6个：Alnicola，Crassisporium，Eocronartium，Lyomyces，Romagnesiella，Sepultariella、中国新记录种208个、内蒙古新记录种248个。种类最多的五大科分别是蘑菇科Agaricaceae、红菇科Russulaceae、丝膜菌科Cortinariaceae、丝盖伞科Inocybaceae和小脆柄菇科Psathyrellaceae，共含332种，占总种数的28.40%；含10种及以上的科共有30个，总种数849种，占全部种类的72.63%。种类最多的五大属分别是丝膜菌属Cortinarius，红菇属Russula、蘑菇属Agaricus、丝盖伞属Inocybe和粉褶蕈属Entoloma，共含214种，占总种数的18.30%；含5种及以上的属有55个，总种数721种，占全部种类的61.68%。本地区大型真菌区系以北温带成分和世界广布成分为主，具有明显的北温带区系特征。这些成果使内蒙古大型真菌物种多样性和地理分布等方面的信息得到了很大的丰富和补充，也为我国生物多样性研究与保护、菌物资源合理开发和利用提供了宝贵的基础资料。