白龙江流域牛肝菌目真菌物种多样性研究

The Bailong River Valley (BRV) is one of the most important areas for terrestrial biodiversity in China, but little is known about the higher fungi in this region. The fungal order Boletales (boletes) habors both famous edible and toxic mushrooms, most of which can form ectomycorrhizal relationships with plants, making it a group with great ecological and economic importance. In our preliminary survey, a great deal of boletes have been found in the BRV. In this study, we tend to make a thorough survey of the boletes in the the BRV, and study our specimens by using both morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies. Our aims of this study are: 1) to accurately identify bolete species within the BRV and illustrate the species diversity of boletes in this region; 2) to discussion the connection of boletes from the BRV and its adjacent regions; 3) To estimate the possible evolutionary mechanism of gasteromycetes of Boletales in this area. This project will provide the first insight into the boletes in the BRV by combining specimen collection and systematic studies, and will gather basic data for the study on species diversity and evolution of boletes. Futhermore, this project can be used as an good example for the study of other groups of higher fungi in the BRV.

白龙江流域是我国陆生生物多样性的关键地区之一，目前对该区域内大型真菌的系统研究尚为空白。牛肝菌目（Boletales）真菌多为菌根菌，兼具食用菌和毒菌，具有重要的生态和经济价值。初步调查发现，白龙江流域蕴含大量丰富而独特的牛肝菌目真菌，亟待深入研究。本研究拟对白龙江流域的牛肝菌目真菌进行全面调查和标本收集，综合利用形态解剖学和分子系统学等研究手段，准确识别物种；阐明该地区牛肝菌目真菌的物种多样性，解析该区牛肝菌目真菌与邻近区域物种的联系，探讨该地区独特腹菌型牛肝菌的演化机制。本研究将首次全面对白龙江流域的牛肝菌目真菌进行采集、系统研究和报道，为认识该区该目真菌提供第一手资料，为全面认识牛肝菌目真菌的物种多样性及演化“添砖加瓦”，对该流域牛肝菌资源的开发利用和有效保护具有重要的科学意义。同时，本研究对白龙江流域大型真菌其他类群的研究将有重要示范和借鉴意义。

近年来，随着分子系统学研究的快速发展，牛肝菌目等分类学研究困难重重的类群，大量的分类单元被构建,其系统发育框架逐渐清晰。作为我国陆生生物多样性的关键地区之一，白龙江流域的大型真菌的系统性研究目前尚为空白。本项目以牛肝菌目真菌的物种多样性研究为切入点，首次全面对白龙江流域的大型真菌进行了野外考察和标本采集，共获得了4200余号标本，将为牛肝菌目及其它大型真菌的物种多样性研究提供第一手的资料，促进我国西北地区大型真菌的基础研究和资源利用。. 通过对白龙江流域所采集的278号牛肝菌目真菌标本进行系统分类学研究，该区域分布有牛肝菌目的乳牛肝菌科Suillaceae、硬皮马勃科Sclerodermataceae、桩菇科Paxillaceae、圆孢牛肝菌科Gyroporaceae、铆钉菇科Gomphidiaceae、复囊菌科Diplocystidiaceae和牛肝菌科Boletaceae等7个科，硬皮地星属Astraeus、金牛肝菌属Aureoboletus、薄瓤牛肝菌属Baorangia、条孢牛肝菌属Boletellus、小牛肝菌属Boletinus、黄肉牛肝菌属Butyriboletus、美柄牛肝菌属Caloboletus、裘氏牛肝菌属Chiua、色钉菇属Chroogomphus、铆钉菇属Gomphidius、圆孢牛肝菌属Gyrodon、哈氏牛肝菌属Harrya、半疣柄牛肝菌属Hemileccinum、Hortiboletus、厚瓤牛肝菌属Hourangia、褐牛肝菌属Imleria 、兰茂牛肝菌属Lanmaoa、小疣柄牛肝菌属Leccinellum、疣柄牛肝菌属Leccinum、Neoboletus、桩菇属Paxillus、褶孔牛肝菌属Phylloporus、Pulchroboletus、红孔牛肝菌属Rubroboletus、硬皮马勃属Scleroderma、松塔牛肝菌属Strobilomyces、Suillellus、乳牛肝菌属Suillus、粉孢牛肝菌属Tylopilus、红绒盖牛肝菌属Xerocmellus、绒盖牛肝菌属Xerocomus、臧氏牛肝菌属Zangia等32个属，目前已鉴定出48个种级分类单元，其中包括至少4个中国新记录种和9个新物种，本部研究结果大大丰富了我国西北地区牛肝菌目真菌的物种多样性，也为后续全面认识我国牛肝菌目真菌的区系分布特征奠定了基础。