高自由度需求响应公交运行线路与调度的实时协调优化

Demand responsive transit with high degree of freedom is a new transit mode with higher demand satisfaction and lower travel costs. With the continuous expansion of the city, new city zones and the areas between the large capacity transit’s stations with low transit coverage are increasing, so this mode transit will be widely accepted which is relatively adapt to travel demands of these areas..The system features, the coordinations of running routes and scheduling, the choices of vehicle operation form and the algorithms of solving these coordination models will be researched in this project.. Firstly, the characteristics of passengers, vehicles and operators are systematically analyzed while the cost-benefit models of passengers and operators are built.. Secondly, two levels of coordination are implemented. One is the real-time coordination in the demand responsive transit with high degree of freedom, where the Game models are set up in accordance with the area size, the interactional relations of running routes and scheduling, etc. The other is the multilevel coordinations of this mode transit and others. . Thirdly, the most adaptive service conditions and the optimal number of vehicles of the different vehicle operation form are compared and determined based on the value engineering theory.. Moreover, the hybrid algorithms combining with a variety of intelligent algorithms are designed to quickly solve the coordination models..Through this project, the technique of demand responsive transit with high degree of freedom can be quickly developed. At the same time, these researches can effectively help the multi-mode transit is widely applied in our country. Therefore, research achievements have profound theoretical significance and extensive application prospect.

高自由度需求响应公交是响应程度较高、出行费用较低的一种公交新模式。城市规模的扩大，低公交覆盖率的边缘新区和大容量公交站间区域的增加，比较适应这些区域居民出行的高自由度响应公交将越来越被接受。.本项目将围绕高自由度响应公交的系统特征、运行线路与调度的协调、车辆运行方式的选择、模型求解四个关键问题展开研究。首先系统分析乘客、车辆和运营商特征，构建乘客和运营商的费用-效益模型。然后实现两个层次的协调：一是高自由度响应公交内部的实时协调，考虑运行线路与调度的相互影响关系，按服务区域大小分别构建协调二者的博弈论模型；一是构建与其它模式公交协调运行的多级协同模型。同时，基于价值工程确定各车辆运行方式最适应的服务条件和最佳车辆数。最后，结合多种智能算法设计混合算法快速求解各种模型。.这些关键问题的研究将有力地促进高自由度响应公交技术的发展，也有助于多模式公交在我国的推广实施，具有重要理论意义和应用价值。

公交“第一/最后一公里”出行难的问题普遍存在，城市新区及人口低密度区域公交出行不便。服务于干线公交站点周边及低密度出行区域的需求响应公交应需而生。需求响应公交的路径、发车时间、停靠站等俱由乘客需求决定，具有高度灵活性，是常规公交的有效补充。本项目围绕高自由度需求响应公交系统特性、线路与调度的协调、车辆运行方式的选择、模型求解四个关键问题展开研究。.1）在高自由度需求响应公交系统特征分析中，首先基于改进的集聚效应确定需求响应公交的服务区域，然后基于k-均值进行乘客聚类，初步确定停靠站选址，并基于改进的重心位置法确定停靠站位置，最后基于路径与调度协调优化模型进行服务范围优化选择；.2）在小服务区域高自由度响应公交运行线路与调度协调中，对多车型MAST公交、混合运行模式多车型响应型接驳公交、动态路网响应型接驳公交、混合乘客需求多车场响应型接驳公交进行了研究，分别构建了协调优化模型，设计了求解算法并进行了案例分析；.3）在较大服务区域高自由度响应公交线路与调度的协同优化中，对多分区预约需求下响应型接驳公、混合乘客需求下多换乘点响应型接驳公交进行了研究，分别构建了协调优化模型，设计了求解算法并进行了案例分析；.4）在较大服务区域高自由度响应公交与其它模式公交的协同优化中，对混合换乘需求下同时接送响应型接驳公交、有期望换乘时间要求的混合乘客需求响应型接驳公交进行了研究，分别构建了协调优化模型，设计了求解算法并进行了案例分析；.5）在需求响应公交车票价确定中，基于博弈论提出了响应型接驳公交竞争定价方法；.6）在需求响应公交服务质量评价中，从响应性、方便性、可靠性、高效性、协调性五个角度构建了需求响应公交服务质量评价指标体系，并提出了需求响应公交的集对分析综合评价方法。.这些研究有力地促进高自由度需求响应公交的发展和应用，研究成果具有重要的理论意义和广阔的应用前景。