中国太湖流域下游与日本琵琶湖流域园林（庭园）基于水源关系的造园手法比较研究

The downstream of Lake Taihu Basin in China and the Lake Biwa Basin in Japan, where both quantities of gardens located and abundant streams were available in the history, illustrated their regional diversity and tendency of site election, headwaters election, and garden design with the change of water environment during the various historical period..This research focuses on the water-handing in garden design, basing on literature survey and fieldwork of architecture theory, we also absorb the research methods such as history evolution, spatial shape analysis and landscape analysis, especially, through the digital virtual analysis in Geographical information system (GIS) to clarify the coexistence relationship between those gardens and their external water environment since Song Dynasty in China and Heian Period in Japan; Comparing and analyzing the evolution of garden design adapting to the change of external environment in diffident historical period; Furthermore, it inquires into the influences of the change of natural environment and relevant social behaviors on the garden design, and meanwhile compares the periodical, regional features and aesthetic ideas that are possibly available in the garden design in China and Japan. This research attempts to find out a research mode of multiple perspectives, in consideration of both macroscopic and microscopic views and both normal and dynamic thoughts in the research field of traditional architectural history.

中国太湖流域下游和日本的琵琶湖流域两地在历史上均有丰沛的水系以及数量众多的园林（庭园）。不同的历史时期，基于水环境的变化，各自区域内的造园选址分布、水源选择及园林理水手法均展现出不同的特征与倾向。本研究拟以造园理水手法为研究对象，在文献考证和田野调查的基础上，综合运用历史演进、空间形态分析、景观艺术分析等研究方法，结合地理信息系统技术探讨中国两宋及日本平安时期以来园林（庭园）的选址分布与外部水环境之间的关联关系；并考证不同历史时期园林（庭园）自身在水源选择、理水手法应用等问题上应对外部环境变化所发生的响应过程；在此基础上，归纳构建中国传统私家园林的理水手法分类体系；并比较分析中日造园手法的时代性、地域性及审美理念上的差异性。通过兼顾宏观与微观、常态与动态的多重研究视角，以期更加全面地阐明理水手法这一传统建筑史学的理论难点。

研究聚焦在以苏州城为中心水路百里范围的“吴中”地区，这也是明中期至清前期中国造园史上私家园林最繁盛的区域。而吴中园林也具有识别度很高的区域共同特征：规模、选址、理水手法等。研究先从文献考证和空间分布复原入手，分析归纳了山林、水系、城乡等要素对造园分布和发展的影响。进一步根据涌泉、河湖、人工河渠、地下水的水源分类，总结归纳基于不同水源选择的园林理水手法体系及发展脉络。尤其对其中最具吴中地域特色的“通渠遣水”式宅园的分布、空间结构、手法及理水技法进行深入解析；并结合时空线索探讨其原型、发展兴盛以及消亡断绝的内外原因。最后扩大时空范围与日本进行横向对比，更清晰地印证了不同时空的相地模式与水源选择根本源于其外部水环境特征的结论。