地域性视角下的中国南北园林造园手法比较研究——以苏州、山西为例

Since the beginning of the 20th century, classical gardens have been an important field in the study of Chinese architectural history. Although there have been some achievements, but for a long time the cultural relics are too radiant and the attention to gardens is insufficient, the research of Shanxi Gardens is mostly concentrated in some regions and cases. At present, the comparative study of gardens is mostly concentrated between Chinese and Japanese classical gardens, China's north and South Gardens have not received much attention. This project takes Suzhou Garden and Shanxi garden as the research object, mainly uses four research methods: literature collation, field investigation, type statistics and the horizontal comparison. The key research contents are as follows, firstly, a large number of garden examples are collected, sorted to supplement and improve the garden data of the two places, establishing the theoretical basis for further study of gardening ideas. Secondly, classified the relevant examples, analyzed design elements appearing in the garden, and preliminarily discussed the techniques and characteristics of the gardens in the two places. Then, using the interpretation of the gardening ideas and features, combined with the literature and surveying results, it is applied to the restoration and protection of ancient gardens. Finally, the classical cases and regional design elements are selected for horizontal comparison, and the garden space models is constructed by means of digital methods, such as photogrammetry, so as to further generalize the regional garden techniques of the two places. They also look for the influencing factors from their development, gardening ideas and cultural connotations, in order to be helpful to the comprehensive research of regional garden inheritance and climate adaptability design development of the two places.

自20世纪初以来，古典园林一直是中国建筑史研究的重要领域。山西地区虽已有一些成果，但长期以来文物光芒太盛而园林关注度不足，园林研究多集中在部分地区和案例上。而目前古典园林比较研究多集中在中日之间，中国南北园林尚未受到太多关注。本项目以苏州、山西园林为研究对象，采用文献整理、实地调研、类型统计和横向对比的研究方法，首先对两地园林实例进行搜集整理，补充和完善两园林数据，建立意匠研究理论基础；其次进行实例分类研究，分析园林中出现的设计元素，并对两地园林造园手法和特征进行初步探讨；然后结合文献、测绘成果，将其应用于古代园林复原和保护；最后选择经典案例和具有地域性的设计元素进行横向对比，利用摄影测量等数字化手段构筑园林空间，从而进一步归纳两地的地域性造园手法，并从其发展历史、造园意匠和文化内涵中汲取有益的营养，以期对地域化景观传承、气候适应性设计发展等综合性研究有所助益。

中国园林作为珍贵的历史文化遗产，其影响力不但深入到朝鲜、日本等邻邦国家，还曾远及18世纪的欧洲大陆。中国园林作为中国建筑史研究的重要领域，江南地区、北京地区、岭南地区园林已有较为系统的研究，但山西地区园林关注度不高，且园林研究多集中在部分地区和案例上。且目前中国南北园林比较研究尚未受到太多关注。.本项目以苏州园林与山西园林为研究对象，通过传统的园林研究方法，首先对两地园林数据进行了补充和分类统计，其次解析两地经典案例并进行比较研究，再此基础上探寻了两地园林地域性特征和价值，并期望研究会在两地园林保护与传承上有所应用。.项目执行期间，已对两地古代园林的历史源流进行了初步梳理，选取部分典型案例进行分析与比较。另外，基于还原园居生活形态，延续地方文脉的目的，人与园林关系也为项目研究重点，尤其是苏州地区园林的研究后期聚焦在古城区名人故居宅园上。新挖掘到的园林信息与其相关文献、口述史等能引发对其地造园手法的新认识。而两地园林园居生活与文化内涵的研究，也在一定程度上证实了“人”与园林造园手法的必要关联。上述地域性造园手法和“人与园林”关系研究成果亦可应用到城市改造更新项目中，为古城更新发展提供专业支持。.