This project aims to quantify the relationship between headwater area's water quality and watershed's nutrient export. Based on the relationship between watershed nonpoint source pollution export - nutrient transport -reservoir water quality, the impact of watershed development on nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) status will be studied at Lake Tianmu, which is a typical reservoir headwater area of Lake Taihu Basin. Field experiment, river hydrological and water quality monitoring, lake water sampling and laboratory analysis, remote sensing, GIS and geographical statistics analysis methods are used. The integrated ecohydrological observation system will be developed to obtain nitrogen and phosphorus transport and flux data for typical landuse types. The degradation coefficients of pollutant transport in streams and reservoir will be studied. Based on the quantitative relationship between landuse change and nitrogen/phosphorus budget, the watershed nitrogen/phosphorus export model and reservoir water quality model will be developed. Finally, the different scenarios considering both watershed development and extreme precipitation will be set to quantitatively describe the effect of different landuse type, tillage mode, and tourism traffic change on watershed nitrogen/phosphorus export and reservoir water quality under extreme precipitation conditions. Findings about the mechanism of watershed development's effect on water quality of typical reservoir headwater area in Lake Taihu Basin will provide the basis for the development of policy recommendations in order to improve the water environment and target a more appropriate watershed-based development at reservoir headwater area of Lake Taihu Basin.
本项目以解决水源地水质与集水域营养盐输出之间的定量关系这一难题为核心,从流域非点源污染输出-营养物质输移-水库水质的联系出发,选择太湖流域典型水库水源地天目湖为研究对象,综合应用野外小区试验与定位观测、河流断面水文水质监测、水库水样采集与实验室分析、遥感、GIS技术及地学统计方法,依托典型土地利用类型的水文生态综合观测系统,获取典型土地利用类型氮磷迁移途径与通量的观测数据;建立流域土地利用类型与氮磷收支的定量关系,研究污染物在河流和水库中迁移的降解系数,构建流域氮磷输出模型和水库水质模型;考虑集水域开发和暴雨双重因素的影响并设定各种情景条件,定量表述不同土地利用类型、施肥和耕作方式改变、旅游客流量变化与流域氮磷输出和水库水质的关系及其在暴雨事件下的变化,并探讨集水域开发对太湖流域典型水库水源地水质的影响机制和水库水环境改善的可行性,为水源地水质目标管理提供流域优化开发决策的依据。
本项目以解决水源地水质与集水域营养盐输出之间的定量关系这一难题为核心,从流域非点源污染输出-营养物质输移-水库水质的联系出发,综合应用野外小区试验、河流和水库水质监测、遥感、GIS 及地学统计方法,结合水质模型,对天目湖水库水源地典型流域的污染物时空特征、输移通量、水体污染物来源等进行了系统量化研究。结果表明:1、流域水体污染在丰水期以氮和磷为主,枯水期和平水期以氮为主,中上游丘陵河谷区和下游平原区的水污染以氮和磷为主,下游暗沟处以氮为主;2、校准后的水质模型在平桥河流域具有较好的适用性,其中颗粒态氮、磷的占比均最大(84.2%、81.2%);3、氮磷负荷输出总量在丰水期明显高于平水期和枯水期,下游地区高于中上游地区; 4、土地利用类型显著影响氮磷流失负荷通量和流失形态,耕地对整个平桥河流域氮磷流失通量的贡献率最高(95.6%)。溶解态氮是茶园、林地和建设用地主要的氮流失形态(均占94.6%),颗粒态氮则为耕地主要的氮输出形态(84.5%)。颗粒态磷是茶园、裸地和耕地主要的磷输出形态(占比分别为100%、99.6%和69.2%),而建设用地的磷主要以溶解态输出;5、通过模拟三种流域氮磷营养盐削减情景(无任何施肥、仅施一次底肥、施肥量变为当前的50%)发现,平桥河流域的氮磷主要污染源为农业施肥,其次是生活污水和畜禽养殖。基于以上研究结果,本项目建议从污染源和扩散途径两个方面对水库水源地流域的水环境进行改善。源头方面:改善农业肥料结构,合理规划施肥时间;减少人为对坡面土壤的扰动,对坡度大于15°的耕地进行退耕还林;做好环保宣传,提高居民环保意识。扩散途径方面:建立生态缓冲带,在小流域出口处布设塘坝或湿地,实现对污水的缓冲和净化;完善污水管网设施,对生产和生活污水进行集中处理和净化。该项目为水源地水质目标管理提供流域优化开发决策依据,也对其它类似的水库水源地的水环境保护和管理有重要借鉴意义。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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