亚肉座菌属DNA条形码及系统学研究

Hypocrella is a familiar entomopathogenic fungus, which has not only wide applied perspective in pest control, but is also a good resource for the exploration of new drugs. Based on their achieved preliminary results, their resources should be more thoroughly investigated and collected, or borrowed from European, Asian and American conserved herbaria. Species review and clarification and molecular systematics of Hypocrella should be studied with the aid of classical morphology, culture characteristics and multigene including EF-1α , RPB1 and LSU rDNA of modern molecular biology to provide believable evidence for its development and application. Furthermore, an ideal DNA barcode for Hypocrella will be selected from the multiple candidate genes on the basis of estimating their intra- and inter- specific variations, success rate of PCR amplification and sequencing, and fragment length. Moreover, crytic species and new species will be further studied using DNA barcode coupled with their morphological, physiological, ecological and metabolic characters. Evolutive relationships would be deduced from different evolutional velocity of markers such as genes and analyses on phylogenesis, which could help to establish a reasonable and scientific classificatory system and facilitate the studies on recognization, explortation and protection of Hypocrella species resources.

亚肉座菌是一类常见昆虫病原真菌，在害虫防治和新药源开发等方面展示出重要研究价值。该申请项目基于前期研究工作，广泛而深入地调查中国亚肉座菌资源并同时借阅欧洲、亚洲和美洲等标本馆保藏的标本，借助多基因(EF-1α、RPB1 和LSU rDNA 等)测序分析并结合其形态特征和菌种培养性状，综合研究亚肉座菌的物种和分子系统学。比较基因序列的差异并结合其形态特征(包括个体发育形态)考证经典分类的结果、厘订错误以审核和澄清该类群物种；采用进化速率不同的基因探明该属真菌属下各级阶元(亚属、种)的演化关系。比较各基因序列在种内与种间的变异并结合片段扩增、测序效率及片段长度等因素从候选基因中筛选出适合亚肉座菌属的DNA 条形码, 结合形态、生理生态和代谢物类型等特征揭示隐存种、发现新物种并建立科学合理、标准一致的分类系统，为便于认识、利用和保护该属资源提供科学依据。

亚肉座菌(Hypocrella)系常见昆虫病原真菌之一，在害虫防治和新药源开发等方面彰显出重要研究价值。基于前期研究工作，该申请项目广泛、深入调查中国亚肉座菌成员并同时借阅美洲和亚洲等标本馆保藏的标本，运用多基因(EF-1α、RPB1 和LSU rDNA等)系统发育分析并结合其形态特征，弄清亚肉座菌的物种和分子系统学。比较基因序列的差异并结合形态特征(包含个体发育形态)分析经典分类的结果、厘订错误以审核和澄清该属物种；借助进化速率差异基因揭示该类群真菌属下各级单元(亚属、种)的进化关系。基于各基因序列在种间与种内的差异并结合片段扩增效率、片段长度及测序效率等从候选基因中获得适合亚肉座菌属的DNA条形码, 结合形态和生理生态等特征揭示隐存种、发现新物种。获得123株亚肉座菌，鉴定该属真菌18种，包括H. jiangxiensis、H. feicuiensis、H. hunanensis、H. guizhouensis和H. qinglongensis等5个新种，H. reineckiana和H.discoidea等5个新记录种，H. siamensis、H.oxystoma和H. raciborskii等8个已报道种。获得亚肉座菌序列128条，已登录GenBank16条。结合GenBank上登录的Hypocrella相关序列，审核和澄清该属物种，利用多基因重建了该属的系统发育关系。研究表明联合EF-1α和RPB1的基因序列适合研究亚肉座菌属的系统发育并鉴定该属不同物种，但RPB1联合LSU的序列为该属DNA条形码，这些为建立科学合理、标准一致的分类系统，为便于认识、利用和保护该属资源提供科学依据。