中国麦角菌科资源及该科DNA条形码研究

Many species of Clavicipitaceae are important entomogenous fungi, which have not only wide applied perspective in pest biological control, but are also good resources for the exploration of new drugs. On the basis of their achieved previous results, their resources should be more thoroughly surveyed and gathered, or borrowed from American, European and Asian conserved herbaria. Taxon clarification and review and molecular systematics of Clavicipitaceae should be investigated using classical morphological features, culture characters and multigene involving RPB1, EF-1α and β-TUB of modern molecular biology to offer believable evidence for its development and application. Moreover, an ideal DNA barcode for Clavicipitaceae will be screened out from the multiple candidate genes by estimating their intra- and inter- generic/specific variations, success rate of PCR amplification and sequencing, and fragment length. Furthermore, new species and crytic species will be further explored based on DNA barcode combined with their morphology, physiology, ecology and metabolite characteristics. Phylogenetic relationships would be inferred from different evolutional velocity of markers including genes and analyses on phylogenesis, which could facilitate establishment of a reasonable and scientific classificatory system and help to study recognization, protection and explortation of Clavicipitaceae resources.

麦角菌科多数成员是重要的虫生真菌，在害虫生物防治和新药源开发等领域彰显出潜在研究价值。本研究基于前期工作，深入系统地调查我国麦角菌科资源并借阅美洲、欧洲和亚洲等的馆藏标本，采用多基因(RPB1、EF-1α、和β-TUB等)序列分析、形态特征和真菌培养性状综合揭示麦角菌科的属种和分子系统发育关系。比较基因序列及其形态特征(包含个体发育形态)的差异理清经典分类结果、厘订错误并审核该科分类单元；利用不同进化速率的基因考证该科真菌各级阶元(属、亚属、种)的演化关系。比较不同基因序列在属(种)间与属(种)内的变异，结合基因扩增难易、测序效率和片段长度等方面筛选出适合作为麦角菌科DNA条形码的候选基因, 结合形态学、生理学、生态学和代谢物类型等特征发现隐存种、揭示新物种并建立科学标准、合理自然的分类系统，为推动认识、保护和利用该科资源奠定科学基础。

麦角菌科大多成员是重要的虫生真菌，在害虫生物防治和新药源开发等领域展示出优秀潜在价值。本研究基于前期工作，深入系统地调查我国麦角菌科资源并借阅美洲和亚洲等的馆藏标本，采用多基因(RPB1、EF-1α和LSU等)序列分析和形态特征综合揭示了麦角菌科的属种和分子系统发育关系。比较基因序列及其形态特征的差异理清经典分类结果、厘订错误并审核该科分类单元；利用不同进化速率的基因考证该科真菌各级阶元(属、亚属、种)的演化关系。比较不同基因序列在属(种)间与属(种)内的变异，结合基因扩增难易、测序效率和片段长度等方面筛选出适合作为麦角菌科DNA条形码的基因是LSU与RPB1的联合序列。结合形态学和生理学等特征获得该科138株，发现物种24个(包括Moelleriella gracilispora、M. brevispora、M. microstroma、M. longispora、M. sinensis、M. guangxiensis、Helicocollum macrospora、Torrubiella guizhouensis、T. longxiensis和T. zhejiangensis10个新种，M. reineckiana、M. oxystoma等5个新记录种，Aschersonia badia、Orbiocrella petchii、Conoideocrella luteorostrata和C. tenuis等9个已知种)，获得麦角菌科序列220条，已在GenBank登录48条。已建立科学标准、合理自然的分类系统，为推动认识、保护和利用该科资源提供科学依据。