一株生防链霉菌与堆肥的复合机制研究

Many adverse effects have emerged due to the long-term excessive and unreasonable using of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which has seriously restricted the safety of our agricultural production and ecological environment. The development of alternative technology or products of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has become an inevitable requirement of the development of modern agriculture to achieve sustainable development under the premise of stable agricultural output in our country. Biological control has developed rapidly in recent years as an alternative to pesticides, but there are problems about the poor and instable effects during the practical application. Numerous studies have confirmed that the combination of biocontrol agents and compost can effectively solve the above problems. The existing researches mainly focus on their effects of combination while their composite mechanism remains unknown. This study will start from the nutritional requirements and spatial structure of their combination. And, the effects of different physical structures, nutrient contents and storage conditions of compost on the content of the Streptomyces sp. will be studied combining with their micro-morphological analysis, then, the composite mechanism of compost and Streptomyces will be put forward. This research will provide some theoretical basis and technical support for the development of functional bio-fertilizers.

长期过量及不合理的使用化肥、农药，导致了诸多的环境及生态不利影响，严重制约着我国的农业生产及生态环境安全。在保障我国农业稳产增产前提下，大力研发化肥、农药的替代技术及产品，成为实现我国农业可持续发展的必然要求。生防防治作为一种农药的替代技术近年来发展迅速，但在实际应用中存在效果差、效果不稳定等问题，大量研究证实将生防菌与堆肥复合可以有效解决上述问题。现有研究主要针对将堆肥和生防菌复合的效果评价，而两者的复合机制尚不清楚。本研究从堆肥与生防菌复合的营养需求及空间结构着手，通过研究堆肥不同的物理结构、营养含量及贮存条件等因素对一株生防链霉菌含量的影响，结合显微形态分析，提出堆肥和链霉菌的复合机制，为此类功能性生物肥料的开发提供一定的理论依据和技术支持。

本研究从堆肥与生防菌复合的营养需求及空间结构着手，研究了生防菌和堆肥的复合机制。确立了利用玉米秸秆、麦糠和牛粪进行堆肥发酵的工艺条件和二次发酵将链霉菌和堆肥结合的工艺条件。研究表明，堆肥和生防链霉菌结合时，堆肥为链霉菌提供了附着条件及生存空间，同时堆肥也为链霉菌的进一步繁殖提供营养。链霉菌与堆肥结合时，链霉菌的数量主要取决于两个因素，一是堆肥中所含营养元素能否被生防链霉菌所有效利用；二是生防链霉菌和堆肥中土著微生物的竞争中能否取得优势。不同堆肥中所含有的营养成分及土著微生物的种类及数量呈现显著差异。. 堆肥和生防菌的结合不是任意的，而是具有很强的选择性的，针对不同的堆肥应该选择不同的生防菌进行结合，同时针对某一特定的生防菌，应该选择相适应的堆肥进行结合。解决两者结合问题，首先需要对两者的适宜性进行研究。研究中发现，从堆肥物料中去分离筛选生防菌，特别是堆肥物料中的优势菌，然后经人为扩繁，在堆肥高温期后的稳定期进行接种，是有效提高生防菌数量，保证生防菌有效定殖，控制生防效果的有效方式。. 同时，研究发现，不同碳源对堆肥中微生物群落产生显著影响。从生防效果来看，腐熟堆肥应控制可溶性碳含量水平，通过发酵原料中添加木质纤维素类成分，保持腐熟堆肥疏松多孔的团粒结构。将生防菌与堆肥进行结合制备具有防治土传病害效果的功能性生物有机肥是解决土传病害问题的有效途径，也是目前最理想、最有效的途径之一。本项目的实施为生防菌与堆肥结合制备功能性生物有机肥提供了一定的理论基础，具有较强的推广应用价值。