强磁加载金属药型罩屈曲变形机制及射流成型机理研究

Because of the shaped charge structural characteristics, the penetration capability of traditional shaped charge and the explosive energy efficiency is difficult to enhance. The electromagnetic loading technology using flux compression generator as an initial energy apply innovatively in this technology to collapse the liner and formed the shaped charge jet. The electromagnetic loading technology is a new and highly efficient way to formed the jet. Based on electromagnetic theory, the formation of shaped charge jet and stability theory, the electromagnetic loading process is divided into three physical fields of"electric”, "magnetic“and ”force“, and all of them carry out coupling action orderly. The equivalent circuit model, magnetic field calculation model and magnetic dynamic loading model are used in succession, so the theoretical model of multiple physical fields coupling for describing this process is established. On this basic, the critical characteristic of buckling mechanism in the process of liner collapses is analyzed and the theoretical model of electromagnetic energy driven jet formation is established. The relationship between collapse velocity and critical forming speed of the shaped charge jet will be also revealed. The characteristic of the circuit, magnetic field and the electromagnetic force and the formation process of shaped charge jet will be studied under different loading method. The relation between the collapse velocity and jet formation critical velocity is analyzed and the theory model of shaped charge formation is established. Finally, the formation process and the penetration capability of shaped charge jet are studied through the X-ray and DOP experimental test method. The study of the electromagnetic loading technology is one of the important content in research of high damage area. The breakthroughs in electromagnetic loading can prove reference and theory support for the design and development of shaped charge warhead.

传统聚能装药成型射流因其自身结构特点造成炸药能量利用率低，在不改变装药量的情况下，射流侵彻威力难以进一步提高。本项目提出的一种全新的强磁驱动射流成型技术以高储能电容器组为初始加载能源，创新性地采用了易于控制的强磁加载方式对药型罩进行压垮并形成金属射流。基于电磁学理论、射流成型理论、射流稳定性理论等，分析电磁驱动射流成型过程中的电场、磁场及力场三个物理场之间的顺序耦合关系，利用等效电路模型、磁场计算模型和磁动力加载模型建立多物理场耦合理论模型。在此基础上，分析强磁压垮药型罩变形过程中的屈曲理论机制，揭示压垮速度与射流临界成型速度之间的关系，建立强磁驱动射流成型的理论模型。通过X光和DOP试验分析强磁驱动射流成型的过程、特点及侵彻能力。强磁驱动射流成型机理的研究是我国今后高效毁伤技术创新的重要研究内容之一，电磁驱动射流成型技术的突破可为破甲战斗部跨越式发展提供技术支撑。

传统聚能装药是通过炸药爆轰驱动药型罩形成射流，受限于炸药威力，射流威力难以大幅度提升。为了提高射流威力，研发新型射流技术，本项目研究强磁加载金属药型罩屈曲变形机制及射流成型机理，强磁加载药型罩以兆安强电流为输入能量，当强电流流经药型罩时，会在药型罩内部产生环形磁场，电流与磁场耦合作用产生垂直于药型罩表面的电磁力，电磁力作用在药型罩上，迫使药型罩向轴线压垮、碰撞形成射流。本项目利用等效电路模型、磁场计算模型和磁动力加载模型，建立描述该加载过程的“电—磁—力”多物理场耦合理论模型，获得加载过程的总电流与磁场及电磁力之间的关系。结合药型罩等关键元件的结构参数及物理特征，得到磁场和电磁力在药型罩上的分布规律。基于多物理场耦合理论模型及药型罩压垮过程中的动力学方程，研究电路电参数、电流变化规律与药型罩径向运动之间的变化关系，结合传统的射流成型理论模型以及电磁加载特性，分析电磁力加载条件下射流成型的基本条件，建立电磁力压垮药型罩成型射流的理论模型。结合ANSYS Maxwell和ANSYS Autodyn这两个软件的优势，先根据电路静态参数，利用ANSYS Maxwell仿真出电路，随后用外部程序计算电磁力，再在ANSYS Autodyn中建立药型罩模型，将电磁力加载在药型罩上，计算药型罩在电磁力作用下的射流成型，可以得到射流形态，射流速度，速度梯度等参数，还对电磁加载药型罩进行了实验研究，对不同结构药型罩进行电磁加载试验，成功加载药型罩形成射流，并对靶板有效侵彻。通过理论计算，数值模拟以及试验的手段，研究了初始输入能源如电流峰值电流，持续时间等参数，药型罩材料、锥角、壁厚、形状及母线长度对射流成型规律的影响。通过本项目的研究建立了强磁加载药型罩形成射流的相关理论模型，弥补对新型射流方面研究的空白，为设计新型大威力破甲战斗部提供理论支持和技术指导。