钨铜药型罩聚能射流成形与侵彻规律研究

The tungsten-copper material formed by aggregate phase tungsten and fill phase copper has behavior of the high density and ductility. It is potential on improving the jet penetration power of shaped charge. Mechanism and regular issues of the tungsten-copper jet formation and penetration will be carried out as following：.（1）The mechanism and stability threshold of the two-phase jet fusion which formed by copper fluid and tungsten particle will be studied by using the slices charge and eccentric position initiation experiment which can form an oblique jet.（2）The two-phase jet formation effected by microscopic property parameters, which contain the composite material mixed proportions, particle sizes will be discussed.（3）And the two-phase jet power parameters, such as mass distribution, velocity gradient sensitivity effected by the liner parameters of the shape, the radius of curvature, the liner thickness will also be discussed.（4）Damage effect mechanism of the tungsten-copper jet penetrate on typical target will be studied. It will also build a variable density jet penetration model. （5）Some experiments of the tungsten-copper jet formation and penetration will be validated. The micro-response behavior of the two-phase jet which formed by aggregate phase tungsten and the filler copper, different physical character particle which under the high strain rate blast will be reveal. It also will model the physical and penetrate on steel target model of the two-phase jet which can characteristic the variable density distribution on the axis of symmetry of particles collapse. These researches can provide some basis theoretical and technology guidance that this composite material applied on the high performance shaped charge liner in the future.

由骨料相钨和填充相铜组成的钨铜材料因其具有高密度、高延展性特点，应用在聚能装药对提高射流破甲威力有较大潜力。本项目对钨铜药型罩聚能射流形成和破甲过程的机理和规律问题开展如下研究：（1）采用切片装药和偏心起爆偏转射流静爆实验研究爆轰波驱动条件下钨铜罩形成铜流体钨颗粒两相射流融合机理及其射流稳定阈值；（2）药型罩钨铜颗粒比例、颗粒度等材料细观特性参数对两相射流成形参数的影响；（3）药型罩曲率、壁厚差等构型参数对两相射流威力参数（质量分布、速度梯度等）的影响敏感性；（4）钨铜两相射流对典型目标侵彻破坏效应机理，建立变密度射流侵彻模型；（5）钨铜两相射流成形与侵彻影响规律试验验证。通过研究揭示组成复合材料的钨铜两相粒子高应变率爆炸加载下的微观响应行为，建立表征沿粒子流汇聚轴线方向变密度分布的两相射流物理模型和对钢甲的侵彻模型，为未来高威力聚能装药设计应用提供理论指导并奠定技术基础。

由骨料相钨和填充相铜组成的钨铜材料因其具有高密度、高延展性特点，在聚能装药提高射流破甲威力方面有较大潜力。本项目从材料细观结构出发，采用理论分析、数值模拟与试验相结合的方法，对钨铜药型罩在爆炸加载下的动态响应、钨铜聚能射流的细观成型机理以及钨铜射流的侵彻模型等问题进行了较为系统的研究。. 设计并开展爆炸驱动钨铜飞片及切片装药驱动药型罩进行水中回收试验，通过金相观测发现试样中爆炸加载面及罩压垮轴线方向上成分差异；根据钨铜材料的细观界面力特点，利用阻抗匹配法分析了钨颗粒与铜基体在爆炸载荷驱动下的粒子速度，揭示了钨铜射流细观不均匀性的形成机理。. 针对熔渗法制备的钨铜材料细观特点，建立了基于随机投放原理的钨颗粒在二维/三维空间建模方法，编制了钨铜材料2D/3D细观模型生成程序。对不同细观结构的钨铜罩射流成型进行了数值模拟，得到了钨含量越高、颗粒直径越小，越有利于射流中成分均匀分布的成分梯度分布规律。. 提出了基于偏心起爆聚能装药原理，利用偏转射流侵彻靶板提取射流材料分析成分，并采用投影原理将侵彻带与原始射流上微元位置逐一对应，从而复原真实射流钨铜成分分布的试验方法，据此获得了钨铜射流理论密度与位置的函数关系。. 基于虚拟原点原理，充分考虑钨铜射流的可压缩性和成分不均匀性对侵彻的影响，在传统虚拟原点模型中引入密度与速度的函数φ1和φ2，建立了钨铜射流的变密度侵彻模型。计算了典型56mm口径和82mm口径聚能装药的侵彻深度，并开展了X光脉冲试验和静破甲试验，验证了钨铜射流侵彻模型的正确性。. 项目在钨铜射流的细观成型机理、成分分布特性以及准确预测侵彻效果等方面取得了重要进展，其创新研究成果为钨铜材料在高威力聚能装药中的应用提供了参考依据，具有较高的工程应用价值。