高沸点液体燃料饱和态云雾爆炸敏感性实验研究

The high boiling liquid fuel is an important material for industrial production and daily life. As the saturated cloud is easily formed when the high boiling liquid fuel is accidentally leaked or splashed in the air, studying on the safety of such liquid fuel is an important research topic in the field of safety science. In addition, a study on the sensitivity of cloud explosion is complicated since various transient variables involved in the formation of saturated cloud can exert a direct influence on the formation of cloud explosion. Thus, an experimental study of the explosion sensitivity of saturated cloud of liquid fuel of high boiling point is scheduled to perform in this project. Focusing on liquid fuels of high boiling points such as octane, n-decane, nitroalkane and others alkanes above C7, a method of measurement for characteristic parameters of physical field of the saturated cloud was constructed initially through experimental and theoretical analyses, achieving measurements and calibration of the droplet size and distribution of the saturated cloud as well as the concentration and turbulence intensity of the cloud and other parameters. Moreover, an experimental study on the sensitive parameters of the saturated cloud explosion under the coupling of the physical field was also conducted to reveal the influence laws of characteristic parameters of the physical field on the sensitive parameters of the explosion. Furthermore, based on the relevant theories and research findings, the characteristic law of the sensitivities of saturated cloud explosions and the formation mechanism of cloud disaster were thoroughly investigated. Therefore, research findings in this project are of great and far-reaching theoretical and practical significance for understanding the mechanism of cloud explosion while preventing and controlling the explosion hazards of liquid fuel.

高沸点液体燃料是工业生产和日常生活中的重要材料，由于其发生意外泄露或喷溅在空气中易形成饱和态云雾，此类爆炸安全性研究是安全科学领域重要研究问题。由于饱和态云雾形成涉及诸多瞬态变量，且对云雾爆炸形成产生直接影响，使得云雾爆炸敏感性研究更具有复杂性。本项目拟开展高沸点液体燃料饱和态云雾爆炸敏感性实验研究。以烷烃类C7以上的高沸点燃料——辛烷、正癸烷、硝基烷烃等为研究对象，通过实验和理论分析方法，初步构建形成饱和态云雾的物理场特征参数测量方法，实现饱和态云雾液滴粒径及分布、云雾浓度及湍流强度等参数的测量与标定。开展物理场耦合作用下的饱和态云雾爆炸敏感性参数实验研究，揭示物理场特征参数对爆炸敏感性参数的影响规律；结合相关理论和研究成果，探究饱和态云雾爆炸敏感性特征规律及云雾灾害形成机制。项目研究成果对进一步深入理解云雾爆炸机理、预防和控制液体燃料爆炸事故发生具有深远的理论意义和现实意义。

高沸点液体燃料是工业生产和日常生活中的重要原料，当其意外泄露或喷溅极易形成云雾。对于高沸点液体在常温常压下云雾液滴比表面积极大，易瞬态达到蒸汽饱和态，即该云雾由液滴群与饱和蒸汽所构成，称为饱和态云雾。由于常温常压下高沸点液体饱和蒸汽浓度低于爆炸下限，使得云雾爆炸系统性研究更为关注其液滴大小、浓度及其湍流环境等变量。本项目研究成果包括:1)通过20L球形燃爆装置的气液输送管段流型结构进行数值模拟，分析结果可知烷烃类C6~C9在0.6~0.9MPa气液输送管段的曲率半径为34mm，水平长度200~300mm范围内易形成稳定的环状流，随着压力增大，C6~C7流型结构有趋于不稳定的趋势。2）采用自行研发的测量系统，定量获得了液体燃料粒径、浓度、均匀性及其湍流强度；并研究得出云雾实验室粒径、浓度标定方法；3）实验测得烷烃液体云雾爆炸下限，并研究得出烷烃类云雾浓度随烷烃C元素个数的增长趋势方程；4）实验并得出烷烃液体云雾最小点火及其烷烃云雾最小点火能与云雾粒径的相关性模型；5）实验验证了云雾粒径相关的爆炸“转变区域”特性及湍流对云雾爆炸参数的影响规律；6）实验并得出不同烷烃云雾粒径、浓度对爆炸压力、温度峰值等爆炸敏感性参数变化规律。项目研究成果对理解云雾爆炸机理、预防和控制液体燃料爆炸事故发生具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。