基于轴辐运输模式的多式联运系统优化与协调策略研究

For now, the intermodal transport has been upgraded to an institutional arrangement in China and will have a rapid development. In the view of global optimization for intermodal transport system, this project aims to study the intermodal transport system optimization by employing the modeling approach of hub-and-spoke network. First, by considering the demand feature of intermodal transport system and the characteristic of customer behavior, this study presents a bi-level optimization model for intermodal transport hub location problem with traffic demand feedback. Second, by analyzing the temporal-spatial characteristic of transhipment goods in transport hubs and its impact on the selection of transportation route, this study formulates a transportation route optimization model for intermodal transport system with transshipment time and cost. Third, by combining the organizational structure of intermodal transport system and the economic and technical properties of multiple transportation means, this study establishes an optimization model for intermodal hub-and-spoke network design problem considering transportation mode selection. From the perspective of local coordination for intermodal transport system, this project aims to investigate the inter-active and cooperative distinction of intermodal transport enterprises, and formulates a revenue-sharing contract design model to provide coordinating strategy for the linking intermodal transport enterprises in China. The novelties of this study include developing a "point-line-net" method in the framework of intermodal hub-and-spoke network, and designing revenue-sharing contracts to promote organization and coordination among intermodal transport enterprises. This project is of great significance and importance to provide theoretical support for accelerating the development of intermodal transport in China.

目前，我国已将多式联运上升为国家层面的制度安排，其发展将迎来黄金期。本项目首先从多式联运系统全局优化角度，利用轴辐式网络优化建模方法，考虑多式联运运输需求特点和客户行为特征，构建基于运输需求反馈的多式联运枢纽选址双层优化模型；进一步，分析联运枢纽中货物换装运输时空特征及其对运输路径的影响，构建基于换装时间和成本的多式联运运输路径优化模型；在此基础上，结合多式联运系统组织结构与多种运输方式技术经济特征，构建基于运输方式选择的多式联运轴辐式网络设计优化模型。其次从多式联运系统局部协调角度，分析多式联运参与企业的互动协作运营特征，构建基于契约理论的衔接式多式联运企业收益共享机制设计模型，提出适合我国多式联运企业的协调策略。本项目的特色是在多式联运轴辐式网络框架下，建立点、线、网一体化方法对多式联运系统进行优化，并设计收益共享契约以加强联运企业组织协调管理，为加快推进我国多式联运发展提供理论支撑。

“一带一路”和“交通强国”国家战略的提出，促进了我国多式联运业务蓬勃发展。本项目针对基于轴辐运输模式的多式联运系统优化与协调策略开展了深入研究。首先从多式联运系统全局优化角度，综合考虑了多式联运运输需求不确定性，直达策略以及多种容量等级限制特征，构建了基于多准则的多式联运枢纽选址优化模型；分析了联运枢纽中货物换装运输时空特征及其对运输路径的影响，构建了轴辐式公铁联运枢纽选址与路径优化模型；提出了一种新颖的多式联运轴辐式网络框架，构建了集装箱多式联运网络设计与多目标优化模型；进一步针对模型结构特征，设计了相应启发式算法，并利用长江干线内河多式联运实例和TR网络数据对模型和算法进行了验证；结果表明：轴辐式多式联运模式能够充分发挥各种运输方式的组合优势，实现经济目标与服务目标的双赢。其次从多式联运系统局部协调角度，分析了内河集装箱多式联运经营人和各承运人之间的协同关系，构建了非对称信息下内河集装箱多式联运企业激励机制设计模型，设计了两步优化算法，并基于长江干线内河多式联运组织协同实例验证了模型的实用性和求解方法的有效性，同时针对多式联运组织主体协同策略提出了建议。本项目共发表学术论文13篇，培养毕业研究生2名，研究成果可为多式联运发展提供理论与模型支撑，同时对于完善现代综合交通运输体系，助力“一带一路”和“交通强国”战略具有重要意义。