径流式电站坝下复杂流场中鱼类集群、运动特征及其驱动因子研究

The dam construction directly blocked the fish migration route, affected the life history and gene flow of fish population, which would result in decline and even extinction of local fish resources. Fish passage is an important negotiation between hydropower development and fish . The entrance location design which based on the knowledge of fish assemblage, movement characteristics and driving factors in turbulent flow below the dam decides success or failure of a fish passage. Because of the non-significant hydrological regime influence, runoff hydropower station has advantages in building fish passage facilities. Thus, for the runoff hydropower development, fish passage facilities are commonly required by Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection. Although the entrance location is crucial in fish passage design, present researches on fish behavior in turbulent flow below the dam are still far from enough to support the entrance location and attraction facilities design of fish passage. In this study, the Yinpan Dam is chosen as a typical research site for runoff hydropower station. Combined methods of fishery acoustics, tag tracking and fish sampling are used to study the spatial and temporal fish distribution and fish movement below the dam. Moreover, driving factors of fish assemblages and movement would be identified and the predictable model for them could be established. The result would provide a scientific basis for the design of the fish passage entrance of runoff hydropower station.

大坝建设直接阻隔了鱼类洄游通道，影响鱼类完成生活史和基因交流，导致鱼类种群衰退甚至灭绝。过鱼设施是兼顾水利水电开发和鱼类资源保护的重要措施，进口选址则是决定过鱼设施成败的关键因素，而了解鱼类在坝下复杂流场中的集群行为及关键驱动因子又是进口选址及诱鱼条件设计的重要前提。径流式电站建设过鱼设施的条件较好，建设过鱼设施已成为普遍要求。目前，常用研究手段获取的数据难以真实准确地反映坝下复杂流场中鱼类的集群和行为特征，相关研究成果尚无法为我国过鱼设施进口的选址和水力设计提供足够的支撑。本项目拟以典型径流式电站乌江银盘水电站为研究对象，采用渔业声学、标志跟踪结合渔获物调查对坝下鱼类群落组成、空间分布特征及运动行为轨迹进行解析，结合对坝下水动力特征的调查，甄别鱼类集群及运动的关键驱动因子，建立水动力因子与鱼类行为之间的可预测模型，为径流式电站过鱼设施进口布置及诱鱼水流设计提供科学依据。

大坝建设直接阻隔了鱼类洄游通道，影响鱼类完成生活史和基因交流，导致鱼类种群衰退甚至灭绝。过鱼设施是兼顾水利水电开发和鱼类资源保护的重要措施，进口选址则是决定过鱼设施成败的关键因素，而了解鱼类在坝下复杂流场中的集群行为及关键驱动因子又是进口选址及诱鱼条件设计的重要前提。径流式电站建设过鱼设施的条件较好，建设过鱼设施已成为普遍要求。目前，常用研究手段获取的数据难以真实准确地反映坝下复杂流场中鱼类的行为特征，相关研究成果尚无法为我国过鱼设施进口的选址和水力设计提供足够的支撑。本项目拟以典型径流式电站银盘水电站、永庆反调节水库、葛洲坝水利枢纽等典型径流式电站或水坝为研究对象，采用渔业声学、标志跟踪结合渔获物调查对坝下鱼类群落组成、空间分布特征及运动行为轨迹进行了解析，结合对坝下水动力特征的调查，甄别鱼类集群及运动的关键驱动因子，建立他们之间的可预测模型，为径流式电站过鱼设施进口布置及诱鱼水流设计提供了科学依据。