机场与城市道路交通衔接点与线网布局规划方法研究

This project takes the access road facility to airport as the research object, aims at travel efficiency of passenger and starts from three levels which are selection of connection points, road layout and network optimization to systematically construct the planning method of road traffic connecting network between airports and urban area. Firstly, introduce accessibility theory, reflect the economic, quick and comfort degree of passenger travel, establish the assessment indicator on selection of road traffic connecting points between airports and hinterland city and bring up connecting points layering layout planning method based on accessibility level; Secondly, determine grading method on connecting roads between airports and hinterland city, study on road scale and structural configuration, establish airport special line and connecting line layout planning model respectively and improve the grading layout planning method of airport roads; Finally based on the reliability theory, propose reliability identification indexes for travel time and reliability prediction methods of collecting and distributing transportation road network, establish optimization decision-making steps of airport road network based on the reliability of passenger travel, and design data survey plan, bi-level optimization model and algorithm, which provide scientific methods for route network optimization formed at a stage of planning. Meanwhile, develop decision-making support software to carry out case analysis. The expected results can provide theoretical and technological support for planning and construction of airport collecting and distributing transport system.

本项目以机场集疏运道路交通设施为研究对象，以提高旅客出行效率为目标，从衔接点选址、道路布局以及线网优化三个层面，系统性构建机场与城市道路交通衔接系统规划方法。首先基于可达性理论，从旅客出行经济、快捷、舒适性角度出发，建立机场与城市道路交通衔接点选址评价指标，并提出基于可达性的衔接点分层布局规划方法；其次对机场与城市衔接道路等级进行划分，完善道路规模及级配指标标准，并分别构建机场专用线和衔接线布局规划模型，形成机场道路分级布局规划方法；最后基于可靠性理论，提出行程时间可靠性指标识别以及集疏运道路可靠性预测方法，建立考虑旅客出行可靠性的机场道路线网优化决策步骤，并设计数据调查方案、双层优化模型及算法，为规划阶段形成的线网优化提供科学方法。项目同时开发决策支持软件进行案例分析，预期成果可为机场集疏运道路交通系统规划建设提供理论和技术支撑。

建立高效快捷的机场集疏运衔接系统是提升航空运输快捷性的重要手段，研究机场与城市道路交通衔接系统规划方法具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。因此本项目以机场集疏运道路交通设施为研究对象，以提高旅客出行效率为目标，从衔接点选址、道路布局以及线网优化三个层面，系统性构建了机场与城市道路交通衔接系统规划方法，取得的主要研究成果如下：.（1）提出了机场交通可达性指标和客流预测方法。应用交通可达性理论，通过利用费用成本、时间成本和疲劳成本指标，分别对旅客通达机场的快捷性、经济性、舒适性水平进行量化，从而确定了旅客通达机场可达性的测算方法；同时基于旅客出行SP和RP调查数据，利用MXL和NL模型分析了影响旅客出行方式选择的影响因素，并量化了影响程度，提出了客流方式划分的预测方法；.（2）提出了机场与城市道路交通衔接点分层选址方法。通过挖掘影响机场旅客集散点选择关键因素特征，建立了机场与城市道路交通衔接点选址评价指标体系，并提出了衔接点分层布局规划方法，为机场道路布局规划奠定基础；.（3）提出了机场与城市衔接道路分级布局方法。基于机场专用道和衔接道的运行特征和功能定位，分别考虑以“旅客直达率最大”和“可达性最高”为目标函数，建立机场集疏运道路网分层规划模型，并设计了基于GA算法和GCA算法的模型求解方法；.（4）提出了基于旅客出行可靠性的线网优化方法。基于调查数据获取旅客平均行程时间、缓冲时间和延迟时间参数，提出出行时间阈值概念，明确了旅客出行可靠性指标的识别方法；构建了上层以行程时间可靠性最大化为目标，以线网优化规模与交通工程条件为约束条件，下层以旅客广义出行费用最小的道路线网双层优化模型，并设计模型求解算法，为规划阶段形成的道路线网优化提供科学方法。