基于库存风险分配机制的Multi-Tier供应链采购外包决策研究

Consider a typical multi-tier supply chain consisting of an original equipment manufacturer (OEM), a contract manufacturer (CM) and a component supplier (supplier). The OEM holds the right of purchasing the components by itself or authorizing the CM to purchase from the supplier. Which procurement structure is more beneficial for the supply chain parties? To answer this research question, we consider three risk allocation mechanisms (push, pull and two-wholesale-price) and two procurement structures (control and delegation). We propose stochastic inventory models and game theoretic models to investigate the performance of the supply chain parties under different risk allocation mechanisms and procurement structures. In particular, we aim to study (1) the optimal pricing and capacity decisions based on generalized Nash bargaining scheme; (2) the impact of event sequences and factor-dependent random demand models; (3) the impact of order timing and risk allocation mechanisms. We would also study the component spot market using dual-sourcing models. This project is originated from Chinese industrial practice, and would contribute to literature by exploring multi-tier supply chain issues. We try to find valuable theoretic extensions of the two-tier supply chain. Interesting preliminary results have been obtained, and great research potential exists in the future research. The possible outcomes and managerial insights will promote the upgrading of Chinese manufacturing industry. The findings will also inspire Chinese companies, helping them perform better in the global supply chains.

考虑一个由品牌商、代工商和零部件供应商构成的Multi-Tier(多成员)供应链。品牌商可以自主采购零部件，也可以授权代工商采购零部件。应该选择何种方式采购目前是国际研究热点。本项目从库存风险分配的角度出发，建立随机库存模型和博弈论模型，从供应、需求和运营三个方面设置子课题研究不同的采购模式对供应链成员绩效的影响。考虑三种风险分配机制：推式、拉式和二次批发价合同，本项目拟研究基于广义纳什讨价还价的定价机制和能力决策机制，研究不同信息披露次序和需求依赖因子的影响，重视订单下达时序和研究范畴的横向及纵向可拓性：是否包含现货市场，是否包含二次订货机会。本项目根源于中国化研究，是对传统的Two-Tier供应链研究的有力推广。项目有良好的研究基础，已经得到了较高质量的前期研究成果。项目将对我国制造业产业升级和供应链绩效提升产生积极影响。

考虑一个由品牌商、代工商和零部件供应商构成的Multi-Tier(多层级)供应链。品牌商可以自主采购零部件，也可以授权代工商采购零部件。应该选择何种方式采购目前是国际研究热点。本项目从库存风险分配的角度出发，建立随机库存模型和博弈论模型，从供应(是否考虑现货供应)、需求(价格敏感需求、质量敏感需求等)和运营(定价决策、批量决策、订单时序决策)三个方面设置子课题研究不同的采购模式对供应链成员绩效的影响。考虑三种风险分配机制：推式、拉式和二次批发价合同，本项目研究基于议价能力的定价机制和能力决策机制，研究不同信息披露次序和需求依赖因子的影响，重视订单下达时序和研究范畴的横向及纵向可拓性：是否包含现货市场，是否包含二次订货机会。. 项目执行3年，实质推进了与NYU，Duke等校学者的合作，共发表SSCI/SCI双检索论文8篇，SCI论文1篇，EI索引会议论文3篇，获国际会议最佳论文奖1项，广东省哲学社会科学优秀成果二等奖1项。其中在UTDallas期刊Production and Operationa Management上发表论文1篇，在国际A/B+期刊如EJOR、Omega、TRE、JORS、ECRA、IJPE等期刊发表论文6篇，被国际同行正面评价，并在POM等期刊引用，主持人和成员入选广东省级人才培养计划4人次，多次在INFORMS等会议任Session Chair，毕业硕士2人，在读博士硕士各1人，新招博士后1人，整体完成质量较高，超额完成了任务书拟定的任务。项目根源于中国代工商研究，是对传统的Two-Tier供应链研究的有力推广。研究成果有助于代工商增加收入，协调与品牌商客户的合同关系，对我国制造业产业升级和供应链绩效提升产生积极影响。近日，研究报告《基于供应链创新的广东跨境电商发展建议》得到广东省级机构采纳，并与国务院发展研究中心展开合作调研，重要内容是代工商通过代理采购增加收入，实现供应链创新，服务跨境电商发展。