海南生物质燃烧源排放清单及其在PM2.5源解析中的应用与验证

Regional biomass burning emits enormous amount of gasses and particles into the atmosphere. Biomass burning is an important biogeochemical processes even at global scale, has significant impact on regional atmospheric environment. Hainan Island has abundant biomass resources characterized by widespread widespread burning area, concentrated burning season, and various burning types, and thus it is an ideal area for tropical biomass burning emission research. This proposal aims at a comprehensive study on PM2.5 chemical species from different markers of biomass burning in the Hainan Island, through multiple point filter membrane sampling method, to extract the markers of biomass combustion source emission. The emission inventory of Hainan biomass combustion source will establish by adopting the "from bottom to top" method. We will test the accuracy of the emission inventory through the investigation of the temporal and spatial distribution of biomass burning. Also, The reliability of our emission inventory will be tested according the comparison of the WRF-Chem model results and the real-time air pollution data issued by Hainan Province air quality real-time release system. The comparison of the source inventory method to organic tracer and PMF receptor model analysis method, and an assist from the backward trajectory and the impact of PSCF, will carry out the integrated application of source apportionment, while the use of ARCGIS grid tools and MODIS satellite fire product data will explore the source contribution of the biomass combustion from the local and external regional source. The characteristics of the biomarker from the this biomass burning emission, the source emission inventory and source apportionment will clarify, so as to provide scientific support for further improving the air quality of Hainan Island.

区域生物质燃烧向大气排放大量气体和颗粒物，是地表生物地球化学循环的重要过程，影响区域空气质量。海南岛生物质资源丰富，燃烧量大、时间集中、类型多样，是研究热带生物质燃烧的理想地区。项目拟以海南生物质燃烧排放物为研究对象，通过多点位PM2.5滤膜采样手段，提取生物质燃烧源排放的标志物。采取“从下到上”清单编制方法，建立海南生物质燃烧源的排放清单；开展排放清单的时空配分，提高排放清单的精度；结合大气化学WRF-Chem模型和海南省空气质量实时发布系统验证清单的可靠性。将源排放法与有机物示踪和PMF受体模型分析法进行比较，并辅助以后向轨迹和PSCF潜在源的分析手段，开展源解析方法的综合应用；同时利用ARCGIS格网工具和MODIS卫星火产品数据，探讨生物质燃烧本地源和外来区域源的贡献。从而阐明海南生物质燃烧源排放的标志物特征、源排放清单和定量来源，为进一步支撑海南岛空气质量管理的提供科学依据。

海南稻可三熟，菜满四季，生物质燃烧具有排放量大、多样性高、燃烧时间相对集中等特点，因此海南岛是我国热带生物质燃烧研究的理想之地。源解析研究表明，生物质燃烧源对PM2.5的贡献在20%～30%，因此，较为准确地估算海南岛生物质燃烧排放量，对提高海南空气质量管理科学水平提供支撑。本项目通过外场离线滤膜采样，年鉴统计活动水平，实地调研生物质燃烧类型和排放因子资料收集等方式，采用“从下到上”方法，建立了2019年海南生物质燃烧源排放清单，并在PM2.5源解析中进行应用与验证。本研究获得了以下研究结果：（1）采用三亚PM2.5有机组分（8个硝基芳香族化合物（NACs），18个多环芳烃（PAHs），25个正构烷烃（C16–C40）和8个藿烷）等物种数据，定性地表征生物质燃烧标志物；（2）根据《生物质燃烧源大气污染物排放清单编制技术指南》方法和海南统计年鉴数据（水稻、甘蔗、薯类、花生、大豆、芝麻、牲畜粪便和森林火灾），估算了海南2019年秸秆露天焚烧、牲畜粪便焚烧和森林火灾的7项污染物 CO、CO2、SO2、NOX、NH3、CH4和PM2.5的排放量，分别是17779.77吨、587732.18吨、340.87吨、1208.31吨、308.69吨、5674.55吨和4946.24吨，并时空配分到海南18个县市和验证其不确定性。（3）PM2.5中微量元素PMF源解析表明，生物质燃烧源占比20.8%；PM2.5昼夜样品中4种有机组分PMF源解析表明，生物质燃烧源占比分别为白天24.6%和夜晚22.7%。以上研究结果对进一步海南岛空气质量管理提供科学和数据依据。