农户异质性视角下农地流转和地权稳定与耕地休养行为研究

Cultivated land recuperation is an important way to implement food crop production strategy based on farmland management and the strategy of prospering agriculture by quality products. Farmers' participation is the microcosmic basis for the realization of cultivated land recuperation, which directly determines the quality of cultivated land recuperation. Farmland circulation and land ownership stability are important factors affecting farmers’ participation in cultivated land recuperation. In recent years, farmer differentiate constantly and heterogeneity highlights in China. With in-depth advancing of farmland circulation, concentrated scaled land management is deepening. Different circulation modes, circulation contract forms and circulation period bring about the difference in the stability of land management rights. The 19th National Congress of CPC proposed that “the second round of land contracting will be extended for another 30 years upon expiration”. It provides policy guarantee for the stability of land contract right. On the basis of Farmer Behavior Theory, taking the heterogeneity among farmers into consideration, the project focuses on the mechanism of farmland circulation mode, circulation contract forms, land ownership stability and concentrated scaled land management on cultivated land recuperation; using rural household survey data, quantitatively evaluate the influencing effect of farmland circulation mode etc. on land contractors’ cultivated land recuperation scale, mode and maintenance behavior. At the same time, under the improvement of concentrated scaled land management and land management stability, the project discusses the land contractors’ cultivated land recuperation behavioral difference between contracted land and owned land, and explores the driving factors. Finally, the paper would reveal farmers’ behavioral laws in cultivated land recuperation to provide reference for scientific and orderly promotion of cultivated land recuperation.

耕地休养是实现“藏粮于地”和“质量兴农”的重要途径。农户参与是实现耕地休养的微观基础，直接决定了耕地休养的质量，农地流转和地权稳定是影响农户耕地休养行为的重要因素。近年来，我国农业经营主体不断分化，异质性突出。随农地流转深入推进，地块连片经营程度不断增加，不同流转方式、流转合约形式和流转期限带来转入地之间经营权稳定性的差异；“第二轮土地承包到期后再延长三十年”使得土地承包权的稳定性也有了政策保障。本项目将运用农户行为理论，考虑农户间的异质，重点研究农地流转方式、流转合约形式、地权稳定和地块连片经营对农户耕地休养行为的作用机制；利用农户调查数据，定量测度其对转入户休耕规模、休耕方式、耕地养护行为的影响效果；同时，讨论在地块连片经营和土地经营权稳定性提高下，转入户耕地休养行为在转入地和自有地上的差异及其动因；最终揭示农户在耕地休养中的行为规律，为科学有序推进耕地休养提供决策参考。

如何有效缓解我国耕地质量退化，保护和提升耕地质量是国家重大需求。耕地休养是实现“藏粮于地”和“质量兴农”的重要途径。本课题从农地流转和地权稳定视角切入，以揭示不同新型农业经营主体和普通农户在耕地“休耕”和耕地“养护”中的行为规律为主要目标，综合运用问卷调查法、半结构访谈法和计量经济模型，比较分析了异质性农户在耕地利用不同环节上的耕地休养行为特征及其差异。实证分析了休耕地养护的农户行为特征及其决定性因素，地权稳定对农户施用有机肥的影响及其依存条件，以及农地流转、环境认知和非农就业对异质性秸秆还田和耕地重金属污染质量的意愿的影响。在此基础上，从耕地休养的效益预期角度，分析了农户对不同耕地养护措施的选择偏好及其决策机制，并从不同新型农业经营主体和普通农户角度予以稳健型分析和机制检验。本项目的研究成果对政府采取措施有效引导和促进异质性农户进行耕地休养具有重要的应用价值，可为在尊重农民意愿基础上科学有序推进耕地休养提供理论基础和决策参考。