荧光标记法对自然水体生物膜中镉离子吸附特征的研究

Based on the mechanism that the growth of CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) could be promoted in the Cd2+ solution in the presence of hydrazine (N2H4), the biofilm in natural water could be marked with fluorescent CdTe NCs and the Cd2+ could be detected through this approach in our subject, thus solving the measurement problem of heavy metal ions absorbed on the biofilm in natural water in this research field. Through this approach, the variety of heavy metal ions absorbed on the biofilm in natural water could be identified qualitatively, and the absorption capability of Cd2+ could be measured quantitatively, thus speculating the interaction between Cd2+ and some component in the biofilm. The application of fluorescent CdTe NCs to investigate the biofilm in natural water would exploit the new orientation in the research on the relationship between environmental pollutant and natural environment, and provide the theoretical basis of the detection and recovery of the environmental pollutant by using the biofilm in natural water efficiently.

本项目利用CdTe荧光纳米晶在有机小分子肼的催化下能够在Cd2+溶液中生长的原理，对自然水体生物膜进行荧光标记及Cd2+浓度检测，考察了湿态下生物膜各组分吸附重金属Cd2+的能力。利用这种方法，定性地确定了自然水体生物膜中吸附重金属Cd2+的主要组分的种类，同时也定量地测量了生物膜中各组分对于重金属Cd2+的吸附能力，进而推断得到自然水体生物膜吸附重金属Cd2+的分子间化学作用原理。利用荧光纳米晶研究自然水体生物膜为在环境化学领域研究环境污染物与自然环境之间的关系开辟了新方向，也为合理有效利用自然水体生物膜对环境污染物进行监测和治理提供了理论基础。