基于日常活动的住区慢行空间关键性要素识别与规划应对

As the level of urban motorization is constantly improving, traffic and environmental issues are highlighted, public health affected as well. With recovery of non-motorized mode from motorization, focusing on humanized and safe travel by walking and non-motorized vehicles, and paying attention to walking and cycling comfortable environment becomes new theme of Chinese urban transport development. Causing the vibrancy and diversity of the non-motorized space of the street have subsided, the non-motorized space of the residential area needs to be improved urgently. Based on the theory of behavior-space interaction, this research regards the relationship between daily activities and non-motorized space in residential areas as a process of mutual influence and interaction. Establishing a residential activities dairy and using GIS spatial analysis methods, the non-motorized space utilization law based on the daily activities in residential areas is revealed. Constructing respectively three models of daily activities for the non-motorized public factor is in order to identify the key elements of non-motorized space. Constructing multiple Logit models and regulating common factors, the key elements is proofed by residents re-choosing the travel mode according to optimization of non-motorized space. Hence, this research aims to explore targeted urban planning and design strategies from the key elements of residential non-motorized space to improve environmental quality, promote non-motorized traffic mode selection and non-motorized space utilization and achieve a more extensive and systematic exploration of the non-motorized space improvement in urban residential areas.

城市机动化水平不断提高，交通及环境问题凸显，公众健康受到影响。机动出行转向慢行复兴，聚焦步行与非机动车出行的人性化及安全性，重视步行及骑行环境舒适性成为中国城市交通发展新的主题。街道宜慢行空间活力与多样性消退，住区慢行空间亟待改善。本课题以行为-空间互动等理论为基础，将住区日常活动出行行为与慢行空间的关系视为相互影响及作用的过程，建立住区活动出行日志，通过GIS空间分析方法揭示基于日常活动的住区慢行空间时空间利用规律；分别构建三类日常活动慢行出行的公共因子模型，重点识别慢行空间的关键性要素；构建多项Logit模型，调控公共因子，针对慢行空间优化情况，居民进行交通出行方式的再次选择，校对关键性要素。基于此，研究如何从住区慢行空间的关键性要素出发，提出具有针对性的城市规划与设计策略，提升环境品质，促进慢行交通方式选择与慢行空间的利用，进而实现对城市住区慢行空间改善更为广泛、系统性的探索。

快速机动化背景下，城市道路空间以机动车出行为主导，由此产生交通拥堵、出行环境恶化、街道生活空间压缩、公众健康受到负面影响等一系列问题。在人本主义关怀、街道路权平等、绿色交通及碳减排等思想与城市发展战略的影响下，改善慢行出行环境，鼓励慢行出行，即步行与自行车出行，使之成为城市主要交通出行方式成为中国城市交通发展的重要课题。本项目研究聚焦住区慢行空间与日常活动出行行为之间互动影响关系，分类别调研日常通勤型、购买型、休闲型慢行出行行为，发现居民出行时间与距离对出行方式选择起到决定性作用。居民日常出行路径与所在地区用地使用及发展情况密切相关。通勤型、购买型慢行出行路径、出行时间相对固定，休闲型出行范围较大、路径多样化。构建住区GIS基础数据库，对住区慢行出行的基本范围进行GIS道路空间拓扑网络测度分析，结果表明城市街道慢行空间存在连续性不强，网络性不足，可达性一般，可穿越性不足，且结构性较弱等问题。对相应类别的慢行出行特征开展进一步分析，梳理日常慢行出行的频次、主要路径。依据慢行出行主要路径，提取慢行街道空间环境的21项影响要素，进而建构基于公共因子分析方法与层次分析法相结合的慢行环境评价回归模型，并将模型应用于调研住区案例地，结果表明步行道遮荫情况，步行空间连续性，步行道铺设品质，街道可穿越性，骑行路面质量，水域清洁程度等要素成为住区慢行空间环境改善的关键性要素。基于关键性要素筛选，研究结果反映出苏州城市街道慢行空间缺乏专项规划引导下的高品质建设，街道慢行空间未纳入城市公共空间范畴统一设计，缺少与公共交通换乘出行、自行车专用道、生态环境等详细规划设计的支撑，对比国际大城市慢行出行策略，课题研究认为中国城市应当逐步完善慢行出行规划及指南或导则的建设，提升慢行出行地位，开展慢行出行详细规划与设计，实行街道稳净化等策略，改善慢行生态环境，从而达到促进慢行出行的目标。