BRCA1,as a breast cancer susceptibility gene,usually localized in the nucleus. The inactivation of BRCA1 protein caused by gene mutation can change its subcellular localization,and lead to functional disorders,which might be one of the main reasons for breast cancer. Our previous studies found this changes of BRCA1 subcellular localization,which are differences between different ethnic groups. Some studies suggested that PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathway may be involved in regulations of subcellular localization and functional changes of BRCA1,but the exact mechanism is not clear. In this study,we plan to build a space-time model of breast cancer,which based on different stages of breast cancer tissues,and combine with molecular biology experimental techniques,trying to reveal the regularity of dynamic changes in subcellular localization of BRCA1,and further to explore the mechanisms that PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathway regulated subcellular localization and functional changes of BRCA1 occurred in breast cancer from tissue,cellular and molecular levels. Meanwhile,as a subtype based on the higher heterogeneity of breast cancer,triple negative breast cancer,which often accompanied with BRCA1 mutation,accounts for a higher proportion in Xinjiang Uighur breast cancer,and has a poor prognosis. Analysis the diversity of the above mechanism between different subtypes and ethnic has a certain practical significance in this area. This study would contribute to provide new ideas and strategies to clarify the mechanism of breast cancer and look for a new target on cancer therapy,especially in triple negative breast cancer.
BRCA1是乳腺癌易感基因,正常定位胞核,当其突变失活后可引起编码蛋白质亚细胞定位改变,引起相应功能紊乱,可能是乳腺癌发生的主要原因之一。我们前期研究也发现这一现象,且不同民族间存在差异。PI3K/PTEN/Akt信号通路可能参与对乳腺癌BRCA1亚细胞定位及其功能变化的调控,但机制尚不明确。本课题拟从组织、细胞以及分子水平出发,以乳腺癌发生不同阶段组织标本为研究对象构建乳腺癌发生时空模型,结合分子生物学实验技术,揭示乳腺癌发生过程中BRCA1亚细胞定位动态变化规律,探讨PI3K/PTEN/Akt信号通路对乳腺癌BRCA1亚细胞定位及其功能变化的调控机制。同时乳腺癌异质性较高,其三阴性乳腺癌亚型常伴BRCA1突变,在新疆维族乳腺癌中比例较高、预后差,分析上述机制在不同亚型及民族间差异,具有一定的地区现实意义。本研究将为阐明乳腺癌尤其三阴性乳腺癌发病机制,寻找肿瘤治疗新靶点提供新思路新策略。
BRCA1正常定位胞核,其突变失活后可引起编码蛋白质亚细胞定位改变并导致相应功能紊乱,PI3K/PTEN/Akt信号通路可能参与此过程调控,但机制尚不明确。本研究首先从组织和分子水平,通过构建乳腺癌发生时空模型,明确正常乳腺组织中BRCA1高表达且主要定位胞核,而乳腺癌组织中胞质、胞核均有表达,且胞核表达率降低。同时发现受上游EGFR激活后PI3K通路关键基因P13K被磷酸化并发挥信号传导作用,在不同亚型乳腺癌组织中,P13K及其磷酸化水平存在显著差异。其次从细胞和分子水平研究PI3K通路相关蛋白及其磷酸化与BRCA1蛋白亚细胞定位和细胞凋亡的关系,结果显示激活或抑制PI3K通路对三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞中BRCA1核定位及凋亡无显著影响;而激素敏感型T47D细胞中激活该通路后BRCA1核定位和细胞凋亡显著增加,阻断后则随之降低。并且激活后的MDA-MB-231和T47D细胞中AKT与BRCA1蛋白磷酸化及mRNA水平升高,抑制后相应降低。但在不同类型细胞中BRCA1亚细胞定位呈现差异,导致细胞凋亡也存在相应差异。进一步以BRCA1缺失型乳腺癌细胞株HCC1937为模型,发现在激活转染野生型和突变型BRCA1质粒后,BRCA1主要定位于细胞核中,突变位点T509A是AKT活化后导致BRCA1磷酸化的具体作用位点,且BRCA1核定位调控下游H2AX和RAD51修复基因的表达上调,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。最后通过针对PI3K信号通路上下游不同靶点PI3K和mTOR的体外单独及联合干预研究,明确对于不同分子特征的乳腺癌细胞单独及联合干预均可显著抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖,阻滞细胞周期并诱导其调亡,且通路中不同靶点联合干预的抗肿瘤效应更加显著,尤其MDA-MB-231细胞株。通过本项目研究,明确BRCA1亚细胞定位随乳腺癌进展呈现动态变化,BRCA1磷酸化受到PI3K通路的调控,突变位点T509A是AKT活化后导致BRCA1磷酸化的具体作用位点,BRCA1核定位调控下游H2AX和RAD51修复基因的表达上调,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。揭示PI3K/PTEN/Akt信号通路参与乳腺癌BRCA1亚细胞定位动态变化,以及相应的增殖与凋亡的调控,针对该通路不同靶点的干预研究为寻找肿瘤治疗新靶点提供新思路新策略。但在不同亚型细胞中该调控存在差异,尤其是三阴性乳腺癌,其机制还需要进一步深入研究。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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